Methods and platforms for drug discovery using induced pluripotent stem cells

1. A method for identifying an agent that corrects a phenotype associated with a health condition or a predisposition for the health condition, comprising:

(i) contacting a first population of isolated cells differentiated from a human induced pluripotent stem cell line, wherein said cells exhibit a phenotype associated with the health condition or predisposition for the health condition, with a candidate agent;

(ii) contacting a second population of isolated cells differentiated from the human induced pluripotent stem cell line, wherein said cells exhibit a phenotype associated with the health condition or predisposition for the health condition, with a negative control agent;

(iii) assaying a phenotype in the first population and second population after the contacting steps; and

(iv) identifying the candidate agent as correcting the phenotype if the assayed phenotype of the first population after the contacting step is closer to a normal phenotype than the phenotype of the second population after the contacting step;

wherein one or more cells differentiated from the induced pluripotent stem cell line comprise an exogenous Oct3/4 gene, an exogenous Sox2 gene, and an exogenous Klf4 gene;

wherein the cells in the first and second populations of human induced pluripotent stem cells:

(a) comprise at least one endogenous allele associated with the health condition or the predisposition for the health condition; or

(b) are generated from a subject suffering from the health condition or the predisposition for the health condition.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the health condition is a neurodegenerative disorder, a neurological disorder, a mood disorder, a cardiovascular disease, a metabolic disorder, a respiratory disease, a drug sensitivity condition, an eye disease, an immunological disorder, or a hematological disease.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the differentiated cells are neural stem cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatic stem cells, or hepatocytes.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phenotype is apoptosis, intracellular calcium level, calcium flux, protein kinase activity, mitochondrial oxidative stress, enzyme activity, cell morphology, receptor activation, protein trafficking, intracellular protein aggregation, organellar composition, motility, intercellular communication, protein expression, or gene expression.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing a plurality of polymorphic alleles present in the genome of the human induced pluripotent stem cell line to a plurality of polymorphic alleles present in the genome of a human other than the human from which the induced pluripotent stem cell line was generated.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising genotyping the human induced pluripotent stem cell line for a plurality of polymorphisms.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing the genome sequence of the human induced pluripotent stem cell line, or a portion thereof, to the genome sequence, or a portion thereof, of a human other than the human from which the induced pluripotent stem cell line was generated.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sequencing the genome of the human induced pluripotent stem cell line.

9. A method for assessing the risk of drug toxicity in a human subject, comprising:

(i) generating iPS cells from one or more isolated somatic cells obtained from the human subject;

(ii) differentiating the iPS cells obtained in step (i) to obtain one or more isolated differentiated cells;

(iii) contacting one or more cells obtained in step (ii) with a dose of a pharmacological agent;

(iv) assaying the contacted one or more differentiated cells for toxicity; and

(v) determining that there is a low risk for toxicity if the assay is negative for toxicity in the contacted cells; or

(vi) determining that there is a high risk of toxicity if the assay is positive for toxicity in the contacted cells;

wherein the differentiated cells comprise an exogenous Oct3/4 gene, an exogenous Sox2 gene and an exogenous Klf4 gene.

10. A method for assessing the efficacy of a dose of a pharmacological agent in a human subject, comprising the steps of:

(i) generating iPS cells from one or more isolated somatic cells obtained from the human subject;

(ii) differentiating the iPS cells obtained in step (i) to obtain one or more isolated differentiated cells;

(iii) contacting one or more cells obtained in step (ii) with the dose of the pharmacological agent;

(iv) assaying the contacted one or more differentiated cells for a marker of efficacy of the pharmacological agent; and

(v) determining that the dose of the pharmacological agent is effective if the assay is positive for efficacy in the contacted cells; or

(vi) determining that the dose of the pharmacological agent is not effective if the assay is negative for efficacy in the contacted cells;

wherein the differentiated cells comprise an exogenous Oct3/4 gene, an exogenous Sox2 gene and an exogenous Klf4 gene.

11. A method for identifying an agent that is useful as a drug, comprising the steps of:

(i) contacting one or more isolated cells differentiated from an induced pluripotent stem cell line with a dose of a candidate agent;

(ii) assaying the contacted one or more differentiated cells for desired efficacy; and

(iii) identifying the candidate agent as useful if the assay is positive for efficacy in the contacted cells; or

(iv) identifying the candidate agent as not useful if the assay is negative for efficacy in the contacted cells;

wherein the one or more cells differentiated from the induced pluripotent stem cell line comprise an exogenous Oct3/4 gene, an exogenous Sox2 gene, and an exogenous Klf4 gene.