Method and assay for determining methylation of GAL3 promoter for early diagnosis of prostate cancer
A method and assay are described for determining prostate cancer and the general stage of progression of such cancer by quantifying levels of promoter methylation of gal-3, optionally in combination with the quantification of the level of GSTP1 promoter methylation, where the method and assay are non-invasive to a subject and can detect any of Stages I-IV prostate cancer.
1. A method for determining the presence of prostate cancer in a subject, the method comprising:
obtaining a biological sample from the subject;
determining the level of gal3 promoter methylation; and
comparing the level of gal3 promoter methylation in the sample from the subject relative to the level of gal3 promoter methylation found in a normal biological sample of the same type, wherein an increase in the level of gal3 promoter methylation in the sample from the subject relative to the level in the normal biological sample is indicative of the presence of prostate cancer in the subject and a relative level of increased methylation in the sample from the subject relative to the level in the normal biological sample is indicative of the stage of the cancer and wherein the biological sample is selected from prostate tissue, urine and serum.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the increased gal3 promoter methylation is indicative of early stage prostate cancer, wherein the cancer is Stage I or Stage II prostate cancer.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the increased gal3 promoter methylation is indicative of late stage prostate cancer, wherein the cancer is Stage III or Stage IV prostate cancer,
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high relative level of increased methylation is high.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the high relative level of increased gal3promoter methylation is indicative of early stage prostate cancer, wherein the cancer is Stage I or Stage II prostate cancer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the relative level of increased methylation is low.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the low relative level of increased gal3 promoter methylation is indicative of late stage prostate cancer, wherein the cancer is Stage III or Stage IV prostate cancer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the level of gal3 promoter methylation is determined by PCR.
9. An assay for determining the presence of prostate cancer in a subject, the assay comprising:
isolating a single-stranded DNA encoding gal3 from a biological sample taken from the subject, wherein the biological sample is selected from prostate tissue, urine and serum;
treating the single-stranded DNA with bisulfite to convert non-methylated cytosine into uracil; and
determining the level of methylation of the gal3 promoter region of the single stranded DNA, wherein the presence of gal3 promoter methylation is an indication of the presence of prostate cancer in the subject.
10. The assay of claim 9 , wherein the prostate cancer is any of HGPIN, Stage I prostate cancer, Stage II prostate cancer, Stage III prostate cancer or Stage IV prostate cancer.