Glass type electrochemical/electrically controllable device with variable optical and/or energetic characteristic
Electrochemical/electrically controllable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, including a first carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a first stack of electrically active layers and a second carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a second stack of electrically active layers, wherein the first and second stacks each function optically in series on at least a portion of their surface and are separated by an electrically insulating means, which is a gas, or is a vacuum.
1. An electrochemical/electrically controllable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, comprising:
a first carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a first stack of electrically active layers; and
a second carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a second stack of electrically active layers, wherein
the first and second stacks each function optically in series on at least a portion of their surface and are separated by an electrically insulating means which is a gas, or is a vacuum.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein contrast values of the electrochromic device range between 9 and 10,000.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein contrast values of the electrochromic device range between 15 and 4,000.
4. An electrochromic glazing, comprising:
the electrochromic device as claimed in claim 1 , having a variable optical and/or energetic transmission and/or reflection, with a substrate or at least a part of a transparent or partially transparent substrate(s) made of plastic, and the electrochromic glazing being assembled as multiple and/or laminated glazing, or as double glazing.
5. The electrochromic glazing as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the electrochromic glazing is a glazing for buildings, glazing for automobiles, glazing for industrial or public transport railroad, a maritime glazing, a glazing for aviation vehicles, a glazing for windows, wing mirrors, mirrors, a display, a monitor, or a shutter for image acquisition devices.
6. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second stacks are electrically supplied from the same supply.
7. The device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the first and second stacks are electrically supplied in series.
8. The device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the first and second stacks are electrically supplied in parallel.
9. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first stack and the second stack are “all solid” electrochromic stacks with a TC1/EC1/EL/EC2/TC2 structure.
10. The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the layer EL with an electrolyte function includes at least one layer based on a material selected from tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, antimony oxide, niobium oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, nickel oxide, oxide of zinc, oxide of zinc alloyed with aluminum, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, oxide of silicon, oxide of silicon alloyed with aluminum, silicon nitride, silicon nitride alloyed with aluminum or boron, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, oxide of vanadium, oxide of vanadium alloyed with aluminum, and oxide of tin and zinc.
11. The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the electrically conductive layer TC1 or TC2 is of the metallic type or of the TCO (transparent conductive oxide) type made of In2O3:Sn (ITO), SnO2:F, ZnO:Al, or is a multiple layer of the TCO/metal/TCO type, this metal being selected in particular from silver, gold, platinum, copper, or a multiple layer of the NiCr/metal/NiCr type, the metal likewise being selected from silver, gold, platinum, copper.
12. The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein an oxide of the layer EL with an electrolyte function is hydrogenated or nitrided.
13. The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each electrically active layer EC1 or EC2 includes at least one of the following compounds: oxide of tungsten W, niobium Nb, tin Sn, bismuth Bi, vanadium V, nickel Ni, iridium Ir, antimony Sb, tantalum Ta, individually or as a mixture.
14. The device as claimed in claim 13 , wherein each electrically active layer EC1 or EC2 includes titanium, rhenium, or cobalt.
15. A method for fabricating an electrochemical device, the method comprising:
providing a first carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a first stack of electrically active layers;
providing a second carrier substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer associated with a second stack of electrically active layers, wherein the first and second stacks each function optically in series on at least a portion of their surface and are separated by an electrically insulating means which is a gas, or is a vacuum; and
depositing at least one of the layers of the electrochemical device by cathodic sputtering, cathodic sputtering assisted with a magnetic field, thermal evaporation, evaporation assisted with an electron beam, laser ablation, CVD, CVD assisted with a plasma or microwaves, an atmospheric pressure technique, or sol-gel synthesis of a dip type, spray, coating, or roller coating.