Compositions and methods for reducing fire hazard of flammable refrigerants
The present invention relates to compositions comprising flammable refrigerant, fire hazard-reducing agent, and optionally a lubricant suitable for use in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. Further, the present invention relates to compositions comprising lubricant and fire hazard-reducing agent and methods for reducing flammability of flammable refrigerant, for delivering a fire hazard-reducing agent to a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, and for replacing a non-flammable refrigerant with a flammable refrigerant.
1. A composition suitable for replacing a non-flammable refrigerant in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus comprising:
(i) at least one flammable refrigerant selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, fluoroethers, hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof;
(ii) a fire hazard-reducing agent comprising at least one of a carbonate salt, or a mixture thereof with a phosphate salt; and
(a) at least one lubricant suitable for use with refrigeration or air-conditioning apparatus; or
(b) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of anticorrosion, anti-wear, stabilizer and lubricity additives; or
(c) both (a) and (b).
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said flammable refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of difluoromethane, fluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, fluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane, propane, propylene, cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, and mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said flammable refrigerant is a mixture, said mixture comprising at least one non-flammable refrigerant.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein said non-flammable refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of R134a, R23, R125, R236fa, R245fa, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the flammable refrigerant comprises difluoromethane.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the flammable refrigerant comprises 1,1-difluoroethane.
7. A composition comprising:
(i) a fire hazard-reducing agent suitable for use with a flammable refrigerant comprising a carbonate salt, or a mixture thereof with a phosphate salt; and
(ii) a lubricant suitable for use with refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus
(iii) at least one flammable refrigerant.
8. The composition of claim 1 or 7 wherein said fire hazard reducing agent comprises a mixture of a phosphate salt and a carbonate salt.
9. The composition of claim 7 wherein said lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, paraffins, naphthenes, synthetic paraffins, alkylbenzenes, poly-alpha-olefins, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters and mixtures thereof.
10. A method for reducing fire hazard in refrigeration apparatus or air conditioning apparatus, said method comprising introducing the composition of claim 1 into said refrigeration apparatus or air conditioning apparatus.
11. A method of using a fire-hazard reducing agent comprising at least one of a carbonate salt or a mixture thereof with a phosphate salt, said method comprising combining a flammable refrigerant with said fire-hazard reducing agent in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus.