Using heat from produced fluids of oil and gas operations to produce energy
The invention pertains to new processes and apparatuses which can effectively and efficiently convert heat contained in wellhead fluids comprising hydrocarbons to a useful energy source like electricity. The process generally comprises first producing a heat containing fluid comprising one or more hydrocarbons from a wellhead and then passing the heat containing fluid to one or more heat exchangers. The one or more exchanger exchange at least a portion of the heat contained in the heat containing fluid to a working fluid thereby producing a heated working fluid capable of converting energy.
1. A process for generating a heated working fluid that is capable of converting energy comprising:
a) gathering a heat containing fluid comprising at least one or more hydrocarbons from an
oil or gas operation wherein said heat-containing fluid comprises at least a substantially vapor phase and a substantially liquid phase;
b) separating said substantially vapor phase from said substantially liquid phase;
c) employing a vapor heat exchanger and a liquid heat exchanger to exchange at least a portion of the heat contained in each of said phases to a working fluid thereby producing a heated working fluid.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the gathering of the heat containing fluid is from a wellhead.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the gathering of the heat containing fluid comprises employing artificial recovery, primary recovery, secondary recovery, tertiary recovery, and combinations thereof.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the gathering of the heat containing fluid comprises employing artificial lift techniques.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the heated working fluid is employed to heat another fluid stream.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the heated working fluid is employed to produce energy.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the heated working fluid is employed to produce electricity.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the substantially vapor phase comprises gas and steam.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the substantially liquid phase comprises a hydrocarbon or a mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and water.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the substantially liquid phase comprises oil.
11. The process of claim 8 wherein the gas of the substantially vapor phase is characterized by one or more of the following characteristics: (1) an average heat capacity of from about 0.12 to about 0.59 Btu/lbm-° F.; or (2) a thermal conductivity of from about 0.0069 to about 0.098 Btu/hr-ft-° F.; or (3) an average quantity of magnesium of greater than about 10 ppm; or (4) an average quantity of non-condensable gases of greater than about 1% by weight; or (5) greater than about 90% of the total weight of quantity of non-condensable gas comprises carbon dioxide.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the substantially liquid phase comprises a mixture of oil and water characterized by one or more of the following characteristics: (1) a viscosity of from about 1 to about 1,000 cp; or (2) an average gravity of at least about 5 API up to about 70 API; or (3) an average heat capacity of from about 0.43 to about 1.61 Btu/lbm-° F.; or (4) a thermal conductivity of from about 0.06 to about 0.36 Btu/hr-ft-° F.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the substantially liquid phase comprises at least about 1 weight percent of oil.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the heat containing fluid has a temperature of from about 150 to about 800 F before separating said substantially vapor phase from said substantially liquid phase.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein the vapor heat exchanger comprises welded plates.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein the liquid heat exchanger comprises welded plates.
17. The process of claim 1 wherein the liquid heat exchanger and the vapor heat exchanger comprise welded plates.
18. The process of claim 1 which further comprises cleaning one of said vapor heat exchanger and liquid heat exchanger while operating the other of said vapor heat exchanger and liquid heat exchanger.
19. The process of claim 1 wherein the working fluid is water.
20. The process of claim 1 which further comprises employing water as the working fluid in a closed loop intermediate system.
21. The process of claim 1 which further comprises employing softened water or deoxygenated water as the working fluid wherein the working fluid is employed in a closed loop intermediate system.
22. An apparatus for generating a heated working fluid that is capable of converting energy comprising:
a) a gathering device capable of producing a heat containing fluid comprising one or more hydrocarbons wherein said heat-containing fluid comprises at least a substantially vapor phase and a substantially liquid phase;
b) a separator operably connected to gathering device wherein said separator is capable of separating said substantially vapor phase from said substantially liquid phase;
c) a vapor heat exchanger operably connected to the separator to accept the substantially vapor phase from the separator and exchange at least a portion of the heat contained in said substantially vapor phase to a working fluid thereby producing a heated working fluid capable of converting energy;
d) a liquid heat exchanger operably connected to the separator to accept the substantially liquid phase from the separator and exchange at least a portion of the heat contained in said substantially liquid phase to a working fluid thereby producing a heated working fluid capable of converting energy;
e) one or more pipes operably connected to the vapor heat exchanger, the liquid heat exchanger, or both to transfer the heated working fluid that is capable of converting energy to a source capable of using said energy.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 further comprising deoxygenation system operably connected (1) between the separator and the vapor heat exchanger and (2) between the separator and the liquid heat exchanger.
24. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein at least one of the heat exchangers comprises a welded metal plate exchanger.
25. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein at least one of the heat exchangers comprises a shell and tube exchanger.
26. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein at least one of the heat exchangers comprises a spiral heat exchanger.
27. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the liquid heat exchanger and the vapor heat exchanger operate independently of one another.
28. An apparatus for generating a heated working fluid that is capable of converting energy comprising:
a) a gathering device capable of producing a heat containing fluid comprising one or more hydrocarbons; b) one or more welded plate heat exchangers operably connected to the gathering device to accept the heat containing fluid and exchange at least a portion of the heat contained in said
heat containing fluid to a useful energy source in a closed loop system;
e) one or more links operably connected to the one or more heat exchangers to transfer the useful energy source to an apparatus or process in need of energy.