Chemically strengthened lithium aluminosilicate glass having high strength effective to resist fracture upon flexing
Chemically strengthened lithium aluminosilicate glass is characterized by a surface compression of at least 100,000 psi and a compression case depth of at least 600 microns. The glass also may be characterized by a compression at 50 microns below a surface of the glass that is at least 30,000 psi. A method of making this glass includes providing a lithium aluminosilicate glass having a composition comprising (in weight %): Li 2 O in an amount ranging from 3 to 9%, Na 2 O+K 2 O in an amount not greater than 3%, and Al 2 O 3 in an amount ranging from 7 to 30%. The composition provides the glass with an annealing point temperature of at least 580° C. A mixed potassium and sodium salt bath is provided comprising predominantly potassium salt. A ratio of moles of sodium salt to moles of potassium salt in the mixed salt bath can range from 1:10 to 1:2. The temperature of the salt bath is maintained in a range of 450° C. up to an annealing point temperature of the glass. The glass is immersed in the salt bath for a period ranging from 2 to 96 hours. The inventive strengthened glass has high strength effective to resist fracture upon flexing and includes: bullet-resistant glass, blast-resistant glass, glass for armored defense vehicles, windows for government buildings, windows for monuments, windows for vehicles, train transparencies, aircraft transparencies, hurricane-resistant windows, earthquake-resistant windows, bank teller windows, display cases, and ATM touch panels.
1. Chemically strengthened lithium aluminosilicate glass having high strength effective to resist fracture upon flexing, the glass having a composition comprising:
SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 ,
wherein the glass is characterized by having a surface compression of at least about 100,000 psi and a compression case depth of at least about 600 microns,
wherein the glass is formed by chemically strengthening an untreated glass having a composition including Li 2 O in an amount ranging from about 3 to 9 weight % and Al 2 O 3 in an amount ranging from about 7 to 30 weight % and SiO 2 , and an annealing point temperature of at least about 580° C. prior to chemical strengthening, and
wherein the glass is formed by a method comprising immersion of the untreated glass in a mixed potassium and sodium salt bath, containing greater than about 50 mole % potassium salt and less than about 50 mole % sodium salt, at a temperature ranging from about 450° C. to below the annealing point temperature of the untreated glass.
2. The glass of claim 1 , having a compression that is at least about 30,000 psi at about 50 microns below a surface of the glass.
3. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the glass is characterized by having a compression case depth of at least about 1000 microns.
4. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the glass is formed by a method comprising immersion of the untreated glass having a composition further comprising Na 2 O+K 2 O in an amount less than about 3.5 weight %.
5. The glass of claim 4 , wherein the Na 2 O+K 2 O ranges from about 0 to 3 weight % and the Al 2 O 3 ranges from about 18 to 28 weight %.
6. The glass of claim 4 , wherein a ratio of moles of sodium salt to moles of potassium salt in the mixed sodium and potassium salt bath ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:2.
7. The glass of claim 6 , wherein the ratio of moles of sodium salt to moles of potassium salt in the mixed sodium and potassium salt bath is about 1:4.
8. An article comprising the glass of claim 1 , wherein the article is a member selected from the group consisting of: bullet-resistant glass, blast-resistant glass, glass for armored defense vehicles, windows for government buildings, windows for monuments, windows for vehicles, train transparencies, aircraft transparencies, hurricane-resistant windows, earthquake-resistant windows, bank teller windows, display cases, and ATM touch panels.
9. Chemically strengthened lithium aluminosilicate glass, the glass having a composition comprising:
SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , wherein the glass is characterized by having a surface compression of at least about 100,000 psi and a compression case depth of at least about 600 microns,
wherein the glass is formed by chemically strengthening an untreated glass having a composition including Li 2 O in an amount ranging from about 3 to 9 weight % and Al 2 O 3 in an amount ranging from about 7 to 30 weight % and SiO 2 , the untreated glass having an annealing point temperature of at least about 580° C. prior to chemical strengthening, and
wherein the glass is formed by a method comprising immersion of the untreated glass in a mixed potassium and sodium salt bath, containing less than 50 mole % sodium salt, at a temperature ranging from about 450° C. to below the annealing point temperature of the untreated glass.
10. The glass of claim 9 wherein the glass is characterized by having a compression case depth of at least about 1000 microns.
11. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the untreated glass has a glass transition temperature of at least about 620° C. prior to chemical strengthening.
12. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the untreated glass has a glass transition temperature of at least about 630° C. prior to chemical strengthening.
13. The glass of claim 9 , wherein the glass is characterized by having a compression at about 50 microns below a surface of the glass that is at least about 30,000 psi.
14. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the mixed potassium and sodium salt bath contains less than about 40 mole % sodium salt.
15. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the mixed potassium and sodium salt bath contains less than about 33 mole % sodium salt.
16. The glass of claim 9 , wherein the length of time is up to about 1 day.
17. The glass of claim 9 , wherein the length of time is up to about 4 hours.