Pulmonary surfactant formulations
Synthetic pulmonary surfactant compositions comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid are provided. Methods for treating respiratory disease are also provided comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic pulmonary surfactant comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid.
1. A biomimetic pulmonary surfactant comprising:
dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidyl glycerol,
a synthetic surfactant polypeptide having at least 10 amino acid residues and no more than 60 amino acid residues, the synthetic surfactant polypeptide including a sequence having alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid residue regions represented by the formula (Z a U b ) c Z d , wherein: Z is a hydrophilic amino acid residue independently selected from the group consisting of R and K; U is a hydrophobic amino acid residue independently selected from the group consisting of L and C; a is 1 or 2; b has an average value of about 3 to about 8; c is 1 to 10; and d is 0 to 2, and essentially neutral lipid,
and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid.
2. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 1 , wherein the phosphatidylglycerol is saturated, non-saturated or semi-saturated.
3. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 2 , wherein the saturated phosphatidylglycerol is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol.
4. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 1 , wherein each of 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and palmitic acid are present in an amount less than about five mole percent of total phospholipid.
5. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 1 , wherein essentially neutral lipid comprises cholesterol.
6. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 1 , wherein essentially neutral lipid comprises a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid alcohol, cholesterol, corticosteroid, glucocorticosteroid, trifluorinate glucocorticoid, β2 agonist, plant sterol, phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, diglycerides, diolein, dipalmitolein, mixed caprylin-caprin, triglycerides, triolein, tripalmitolein, trilinolein, tricaprylin, or trilaurin.
7. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 5 , wherein the cholesterol concentration is from about 0.1 mol % to about 50 mol %.
8. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 5 , wherein the cholesterol concentration is from about 1 mol % to about 20 mol %.
9. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 5 , wherein the cholesterol concentration is cholesterol concentration from about 8 mol % to about 15 mol %.
10. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol is 4 to 1.
11. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol is 7 to 3.
12. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol is 3 to 1.
13. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 1 , wherein the total concentration of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol is from about 10 mg/ml to about 150 mg/ml.
14. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 13 , wherein the total concentration of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol is from about 50 mg/ml to about 125 mg/ml.
15. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 1 , wherein a dynamic surface tension of the surfactant as measured by pulsating bubble surface tensiometry is 10 mN/m or less.
16. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 1 , having an amino acid residue sequence represented by the formula: KLLLLKLLLLKLLLLKLLLLK (SEQ ID NO:1).
17. A biomimetic pulmonary surfactant consisting essentially of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol, essentially neutral lipid and synthetic surfactant polypeptide, wherein the synthetic surfactant polypeptide comprises at least 10 amino acid residues and no more than 60 amino acid residues, the polypeptide including a sequence having alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid residue regions represented by the formula (Z a U b ) c Z d , wherein: Z is a hydrophilic amino acid residue independently selected from the group consisting of R and K; U is a hydrophobic amino acid residue independently selected from the group consisting of L and C; a is 1 or 2; b has an average value of about 3 to about 8; c is 1 to 10; and d is 0 to 2.
18. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 17 , wherein essentially neutral lipid is cholesterol.
19. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 17 wherein essentially neutral lipid comprises a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid alcohol, cholesterol, corticosteroid, glucocorticosteroid, trifluorinate glucocorticoid, β2 agonist, plant sterol, phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, diglycerides, fatty alcohols, diolein, dipalmitolein, mixed caprylin-caprin, triglycerides, triolein, tripalmitolein, trilinolein, tricaprylin, or trilaurin.
20. The pulmonary surfactant of claim 17 , having an amino acid residue sequence represented by the formula: KLLLLKLLLLKLLLLKLLLLK (SEQ ID NO:1).