Leadless brass alloy excellent in stress corrosion cracking resistance
By enhancing a stress corrosion cracking resistance in a leadless brass alloy, specifically by suppressing a velocity of propagation of corrosion cracks in the brass alloy, a straight line crack peculiar to the leadless brass alloy is suppressed, a probability of cracks coming into contact with γ phases is heightened and local corrosion on the brass surface is prevented to suppress induction of cracks by the local corrosion, thereby providing a leadless brass alloy contributable to enhancement of the stress corrosion cracking resistance. The present invention is directed to an Sn-containing Bi-based, Sn-containing Bi+Sb-based or Sn-containing Bi+Se+Sb-based leadless brass alloy excellent in stress corrosion cracking resistance, having an α+γ structure or α+β+γ structure and having γ phases distributed uniformly therein at a predetermined proportion to suppress local corrosion and induction of stress corrosion cracks.
1. A leadless brass alloy having an α+β+γ structure and comprising,
59.5 to 66.0 mass % of Cu,
0.7 to 2.5 mass % of Sn,
0.5 to 2.0 mass % of Bi,
0.05 to 0.6 mass % of Sb, and
a balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities,
wherein:
the alloy contains no Pb,
a plurality of γ phases contain Sb as a solute,
a ratio of γ phases to grains when the γ phases surround the grains is a grain-surrounding γ phase ratio, and
a grain-surrounding average γ phase ratio, which is an average value of grain-surrounding γ phase ratios, is 28% or more.
2. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises 0.01 to 0.20 mass % of Se.
3. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 1 , wherein a number of γ phases existing in unit length in a vertical direction of a stress load when the load is exerted onto the leadless brass alloy is a number of contacting γ phases, and the number of contacting γ phases calculated from an average value and a root-mean-square deviation of the number of contacting γ phases is two or more.
4. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 1 , wherein the γ phases are distributed uniformly therein.
5. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 4 , wherein the γ phases are distributed uniformly by satisfying an evaluation coefficient of at least 0.46 to evaluate a degree of influence of a stress corrosion cracking resistance in the leadless brass alloy, wherein the evaluation coefficient is calculated by the following formula:
(Evaluation Coefficient)
Influence of rod material diameter ×Influence of temperature for α-phase transformation×Influence of heat treatments performed before and after drawing = a/ 32(1 +|470- t|/ 100)×(0.6 to 0.9 when performing drawing) ×(0.3 or less and not including 0 when performing heat treatments before and after drawing),
wherein a is a rod material diameter and t is a temperature for α-phase transformation.
6. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 4 , wherein a degree of influence of drawing is 0.8.
7. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 4 , wherein a degree of influence of heat treatments performed before and after drawing is 0.3.
8. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 4 , wherein the γ phases are uniformly distributed as anodes and maintain a balance relative to α phases that become cathodes.
9. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 4 , wherein the alloy satisfies a relational expression of X >0.5 and Y≧135.8X−19, when:
a range of a degree of dispersion of the γ phases in the alloy is a degree of dispersion of intervening phases,
a degree of perfect circularity of the γ phases in the alloy is a degree of circularity of the intervening phases,
a ratio of a longitudinal length of the α phase to a lateral length thereof is an α-phase aspect ratio,
the degree of dispersion of intervening phases/(the degree of circularity of the intervening phases × the α-phase aspect ratio) is a parameter X showing a state of uniform dispersion of the γ phases, and
a time period until the alloy is fractured by tensile stress corrosion in the parameter X is a fracture time period Y.
10. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 4 , wherein the alloy is in a corrosion state in which a ratio of a maximum corrosion depth from a range of an alloy surface after corrosion to an average corrosion depth in the range is 1 to 8.6.
11. The leadless brass alloy according to claim 4 , wherein when a value obtained by dividing a root-mean-square deviation of a range of corrosion depth by an average corrosion depth in the range is a variation coefficient, the alloy assumes a corrosion configuration in which the variation coefficient is 1.18 or less.