Spectroscopic determination of analyte concentration
A spectroscopic apparatus for determining a concentration and/or spatial gradient of an analyte of a bodily fluid that provides determination of a position of a capillary vessel within a biological sample in order to focus spectroscopic excitation radiation to a volume that is in close proximity to the capillary vessel but does not overlap with the capillary vessel. The provided apparatus exploits the permeability of the vessel wall with respect to an analyte that is subject to analyte concentration determination. By means of biological transport processes, the concentration of an analyte of a bodily fluid located in the capillary vessel influences the concentration in the surrounding of the capillary vessel. Spectroscopic analysis of a volume outside the capillary vessel can therefore serve for a precise and reliable analyte concentration determination inside the capillary vessel.
1. A spectroscopic apparatus for determining a concentration of an analyte of a bodily fluid located in a capillary vessel the spectroscopic apparatus comprising:
an imaging system for determining a position of the capillary vessel;
a radiation source for generating excitation radiation;
a radiation guiding arrangement for directing excitation radiation into a volume non-overlapping with the capillary vessel;
a radiation detector for detecting return radiation emanating from the volume; and
a spectroscopic analysis unit for determining the analyte concentration by spectrally analyzing the detected return radiation.
2. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a control unit configured
to determine the position of the volume with respect to the position of the capillary vessel, and in response
to receive an input from the imaging system.
3. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the radiation guiding arrangement comprises a focusing arrangement for focusing the excitation radiation into the volume, the focusing arrangement varying the focal spot size of the excitation radiation in the volume.
4. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the volume is movable with respect to the position of the capillary vessel during detection of return radiation.
5. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the capillary vessel comprises a blood vessel and the analyte is blood glucose.
6. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the spectroscopic analysis determines the analyte concentration using the distance information between the capillary vessel and the volume.
7. The spectroscopic apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the radiation guiding arrangement for successively directing excitation radiation into volumes featuring varying of the distance to the capillary vessel for determination of a gradient of the analyte concentration.
8. A method of determining a concentration of an analyte of a bodily fluid being located in a first volume confined by a capillary vessel wall being at least semipermeable for the analyte, the method comprising acts of:
determining a position of the first volume;
determining a second volume with respect to the position of the first volume, the second volume being non-overlapping with the first volume and the capillary vessel;
directing excitation radiation into the second volume by means of a radiation guiding arrangement; and
detecting return radiation emanating from the second volume and performing a spectral analysis of the detected return radiation for determining the concentration of the analyte.
9. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising acts of:
determining at least a third volume in the proximity of the first volume with respect to the position of the first volume and/or with respect to the second volume;
directing excitation radiation into the at least third volume by means of the radiation guiding arrangement;
detecting a second return radiation emanating from the third volume; and
determining the concentration of the analyte by making use of the spectral analysis of the return radiation and the spectral analysis of the second return radiation.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the second and third volumes are different in size and/or wherein the second and third volumes become subject to spectral analysis successively.
11. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising acts of:
determining a concentration gradient of the analyte; and
comparing the determined concentration gradient with reference gradients for detection of a disease.
12. A non-transitory computer program product operable by a spectroscopic apparatus for determining a concentration of analyte of a bodily fluid located in a capillary vessel, when executed by the spectroscopic apparatus the computer program performs acts of:
processing an output of an imaging system for obtaining position information of the capillary vessel;
determining a volume by making use of the position information, the volume being non-overlapping with the capillary vessel;
controlling a radiation guiding arrangement for directing excitation radiation into the volume;
processing an output signal of a detector of the spectroscopic apparatus for spectral analysis of return radiation being detectable by the detector; and
determining the concentration of the analyte by making use of the position information and the spectral analysis of the detected return radiation.