Porous material and method for fabricating same
A method for fabricating a porous structure from a first material. The method comprises the acts of mixing the first material with a second material to form a mixture, the first material having a melting point which is lower than the second material, heating the mixture under pressure to a temperature between a melting point of the first material and a melting point of the second material, cooling the molten mixture until it hardens and removing the second material from the first material. The method may also include a subsequent annealing step. There is also described a material suitable for implant, illustratively vertebral or spinal implants, comprising a rigid biocompatible polymer such as PEEK comprising a plurality of interconnected pores. The polymer illustratively has a porosity of between 50% and 85% by volume and in a particular embodiment is able to withstand pressures of up to 20 MPa. The porous PEEK material may also have a minimum thickness in any dimension of one (1) inch.
1. A method for fabricating a porous structure from a polymer, the method comprising:
mixing the polymer with a particulate material to form a mixture, the polymer having a melting point which is lower than said particulate material;
heating said mixture under a first pressure of from 100 psi to 200 psi to a temperature between a melting point of the polymer and a melting point of said particulate material;
cooling said molten mixture under a second pressure greater than said first pressure until it hardens; and
removing said particulate material from the polymer;
wherein an amount of said particulate material relative to the polymer is present such that removal of said particulate material from said hardened mixture leaves a resultant structure comprised of the polymer and a plurality of interconnected passageways.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second pressure is greater than about 500 psi.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a poly aryl ether ketone.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said poly aryl ether ketone is PEEK, said particulate material is table salt and said temperature between 390° C. and 410° C., preferably 400° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is in particulate form and said mixing act comprises placing the polymer and said particulate material in a tumbler and rotating said tumbler.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein said heating act comprises heating said mixture to about 400° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an amount of said particulate material relative to the polymer is present such that removal of said particulate material from said hardened mixture leaves a resultant structure comprised of the polymer and a plurality of interconnected passageways.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said mixture comprises 20% by weight of the polymer and 80% by weight of said particulate material.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said particulate material is dissolvable in a solvent which does not react with the polymer and said removing act comprises washing said hardened molten mixture in a bath of said solvent.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said particulate material is table salt and said solvent is water.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said table salt is comprised of salt particles having a size of greater than 180 microns.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the act, following said removing act, of annealing the porous structure.