Semiconductor memory having both volatile and non-volatile functionality and method of operating

1. A semiconductor memory cell comprising:

a floating body region configured to be charged to a level indicative of a state of the memory cell to store the state as volatile memory;

a first region in electrical contact with said floating body region;

a second region in electrical contact with said floating body region and spaced apart from said first region;

a floating gate or trapping layer positioned between said first and second regions and configured to receive transfer of data stored as said volatile memory and store said data as nonvolatile memory indicative of said state of the memory cell; and

a control gate positioned above the floating gate or trapping layer,

wherein said charge stored in said floating body region determines a charge stored in said floating gate or trapping layer upon interruption of power to the memory cell.

2. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 1 , wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from a p-type conductivity type and an n-type conductivity type;

said first region has a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type; and

said second region has said second conductivity type.

3. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 1 , wherein said transfer of data to said floating gate or trapping layer occurs in a non-algorithmic manner.

4. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 1 , wherein said transfer of data to said floating gate or trapping layer occurs upon interruption of power to said memory cell.

5. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 1 , wherein when power is restored to the cell, data transfer from the floating gate or trapping layer to the floating body occurs in a non-algorithmic manner, and the cell functions as volatile memory.

6. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor memory cell functions as a binary cell.

7. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor memory cell functions as a multi-level cell.

8. A semiconductor memory cell comprising:

a floating body region configured to be charged to a level indicative of a state of the memory cell to store the state as volatile memory;

a first region in electrical contact with said floating body region;

a second region in electrical contact with said floating body region and spaced apart from said first region;

a floating gate or trapping layer positioned between said first and second regions and configured to receive transfer of data stored as said volatile memory and store said data as nonvolatile memory indicative of said state of the memory cell; and

a control gate positioned above the floating gate or trapping layer,

wherein said state stored in said floating body region determines a current flowing through said semiconductor memory cell.

9. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 8 , wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from a p-type conductivity type and an n-type conductivity type;

said first region has a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type; and

said second region has said second conductivity type.

10. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 8 , wherein said floating gate or trapping layer receives transfer of said data upon interruption of power to the memory cell.

11. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 8 , wherein said current flowing through said semiconductor memory cell determines the charge stored in said floating gate or trapping layer upon interruption of power to the memory cell.

12. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 8 , wherein said transfer of data to said floating gate or trapping layer occurs in a non-algorithmic manner.

13. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 10 , wherein when power is restored to the cell, data transfer from the floating gate or trapping layer to the floating body occurs in a non-algorithmic manner, and the cell functions as volatile memory.

14. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 8 , wherein the semiconductor memory cell functions as a binary cell.

15. The semiconductor memory cell of claim 8 , wherein the semiconductor memory cell functions as a multi-level cell.

16. A method of operating a memory cell to economize power usage, wherein the memory cell has a floating body for storing data as volatile memory and a floating gate or trapping layer for storing data as non-volatile memory, the method comprising:

monitoring activity of said cell; and

after a predetermined period of time during which said cell has remained idle, performing a shadowing operation thereby storing a state of the cell in non-volatile memory.

17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

shutting down power to said memory cell.

18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

shutting down power to the volatile memory of said floating body.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said shadowing operation occurs in a non-algorithmic manner.

20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

restoring a volatile memory state into said floating body when said volatile memory data is needed, wherein said volatile memory state is the same as a volatile memory state stored in said floating body before performing said shadowing operation.

21. A memory device comprising:

a plurality of semiconductor memory cells, each said memory cell having:

a floating body region configured to be charged to a level indicative of a state of the memory cell to store the state as volatile memory;

a first region in electrical contact with said floating body region;

a second region in electrical contact with said floating body region and spaced apart from said first region;

a floating gate or trapping layer positioned between said first and second regions and configured to receive transfer of data stored as said volatile memory and store said data as nonvolatile memory indicative of said state of the memory cell; and

a control gate positioned above the floating gate or trapping layer; and

wherein said transfer of data to said floating gate or trapping layer occurs in said memory cells in a parallel, non-algorithmic manner.