Method and apparatus for feedback in closed loop transmitting
A method an apparatus is described for providing feedback for closed-loop transmitting with multiple transmit and receive antennas. The method includes a first step 900 of providing a codebook containing sets of weightings for each data stream of the multiple transmit antennas with each set identified by an index known to a transmitter and a receiver. The same codebook is utilized for any number of data streams up to the number of transmit antennas. A next step 902 includes measuring a composite channel between the transmitter and receiver. A next step 904 includes determining at least one performance metric for each set of weightings in the codebook. A next step 906 includes selecting preferred weightings for each data stream in response to the performance metrics. A next step 908 includes feeding back an index of the preferred weightings to the transmitter for use in subsequent transmissions.
1. A method for providing feedback for closed-loop transmitting with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a codebook containing sets of weightings for each data stream of the multiple transmit antennas with each set of weightings identified by an index known to a transmitter, wherein the same codebook is utilized for any number of data streams up to the number of transmit antennas;
measuring a composite channel between the transmitter and receiver;
determining at least one performance metric for each set of weightings in the codebook;
selecting a preferred set of weightings for each data stream in response to the performance metrics; and
sending to the transmitter an index of the preferred set of weightings in the codebook for use in subsequent transmissions of each data stream;
wherein the codebook weightings include entries chosen from a finite alphabet consisting of 0 and powers of i, where i equals the square root of −1;
wherein the determining step includes:
calculating a rank 1 performance metric of a set of rank 1 weightings; and
calculating a rank 2 performance metric of a set of rank 2 weightings,
wherein a subset of the rank 2 weightings include the set of rank 1 weightings; and
wherein the selecting step includes:
deciding the rank of the transmission based on the rank 1 and rank 2 performance metrics; and
selecting the index of the set of weightings of the rank decided in the deciding substep.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the codebook weightings include entries chosen from a finite alphabet consisting of 0 and half integer powers of i, where i equals the square root of −1.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the codebook has an optimal distance for a chosen finite alphabet for each rank.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of measuring a composite channel between the transmitter and receiver comprises:
receiving a pilot symbol transmitted from each transmit antenna; and
measuring a composite channel between the transmitter and receiver based on the received pilot symbols transmitted from each transmit antenna.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the performance metrics consists of determining a performance metric for a plurality of ranks for each set of weightings in the codebook.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein portions of lower ranked sets of weightings are used as subsets of higher ranked sets of weightings in the codebook.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the rank 2 performance metric is a link capacity.
8. An apparatus for providing feedback for closed-loop transmitting with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas, the apparatus comprising:
a codebook containing sets of weightings for each data stream of the multiple transmit antennas with each set of weightings identified by an index known to a transmitter, wherein the same codebook is utilized for any number of data streams up to the number of transmit antennas; and
a receiver that is operable to measure a composite channel between the transmitter and the receiver and determine at least one performance metric for each set of weightings in the codebook, the receiver also operable to select a preferred set of weightings for each data stream in response to the performance metrics, and send to the transmitter an index of the preferred set of weightings in the codebook for use in subsequent transmissions of each data stream;
wherein the codebook weightings include entries chosen from a finite alphabet consisting only of 0 and powers of i, where i equals the square root of −1; and
wherein the receiver is operable to calculating a rank 1 performance metric of a set of rank 1 weightings and calculating a rank 2 performance metric of a set of rank 2 weightings, wherein a subset of the rank 2 weightings include the set of rank 1 weightings, and wherein the receiver is further operable to decide the rank of the transmission based on the rank 1 and rank 2 performance metrics and select the index of the set of weightings of the decided rank.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the codebook weightings include entries chosen from a finite alphabet consisting of 0 and half integer powers of i, where i equals the square root of −1.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the codebook has an optimal distance for a chosen finite alphabet for each rank.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein portions of lower ranked sets of weightings are used as subsets of higher ranked sets of weightings in the codebook.