Hydrocarbon fuel oil for use in fuel cell system
Hydrocarbon fuel oil with paraffins as the main constituent for use in fuel cell systems is provided having (1) paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 60% by mass; (2) isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute from 0.01 to 9% by mass; and (3) normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 2% by mass. Also, in addition to the aforementioned compositions (1) to (3), it is preferable if isoparaffins of 17 or more carbons constitute not more than 3% by mass.
1. A method of operating a fuel cell system containing a reforming apparatus, said method comprising:
(a) providng a hydrocarbon fuel oil with paraffins as the main constituent to the fuel cell system at an inlet temperature to the reforming apparatus of at least 310° C., said hydrocarbon fuel oil having:
(1) paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 60% by mass;
(2) isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute from 0.01 to 9% by mass; and
(3) normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 2% by mass; and
(b) operating the fuel cell system.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute from 1.8 to 9% by mass.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute from 2 to 9% by mass.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute not more than 7% by mass.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute not more than 7% by mass.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute not more than 7% by mass.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the isoparaffins of 17 or more carbons constitute not more than 3% by mass.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein the isoparaffins of 17 or more carbons constitute not more than 3% by mass.
9. The hydrocarbon fuel oil method of claim 4 wherein the isoparaffins of 17 or more carbons constitute not more than 3% by mass.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 70% by mass.
11. The method of claim 2 wherein the paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 70% by mass.
12. The method of claim 4 wherein the paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 70% by mass.
13. The method of claim 7 wherein the paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 70% by mass.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein the paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 75% by mass.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 1% by mass.
16. The method of claim 2 wherein the normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 1% by mass.
17. The method of claim 4 wherein the normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 1% by mass.
18. The method of claim 7 wherein the normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 1% by mass.
19. The method of claim 10 wherein the normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 1% by mass.
20. The method of claim 14 wherein the normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 1% by mass.
21. The method of claim 15 wherein the normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 0.5% by mass.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein paraffins of 7 carbons or less constitute less than 1% by mass.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel oil has the total amount of n-paraffins is up to 37.48% by mass.