Sound Proofing material with improved damping and structural integrity
Panels for use in building construction (partitions, walls, ceilings, floors or doors) which exhibit improved acoustical sound proofing in multiple specific frequency ranges and also present improved structural integrity, are provided. The improved performance is achieved through the use of one or more layers of glue such that at least one layer of glue includes a viscoelastic material in a first pattern and a structural adhesive in a second, non-overlapping pattern. The viscoelastic material may have a varied shear moduli and functions as a glue and energy dissipating layer. In some embodiments, one or more constraining layers separating one layer of glue may be included. The constraining layer may be formed of a material such as gypsum, cement, metal, cellulose, wood, or petroleum-based products such as vinyl, plastic, or rubber. In some embodiments, standard wallboard, typically gypsum, comprises the external surfaces of the laminated panel.
1. A laminated panel for use in building construction as part of a wall, floor, ceiling, or door, said panel comprising:
a first external layer of material;
a first layer of glue placed adjacent to the first layer of material;
a second external layer of material placed on the other side of the first layer of glue; wherein
the first layer of glue comprises:
a viscoelastic glue having a shear modulus between 10 2 Pascals to 10 6 Pascals, the first layer of glue providing a sound transmission loss for the laminated structure greater than 50 dB at room temperature for sound frequencies of about 1 kHz; and
a structural adhesive having a shear modulus of 10 6 Pascals or more.
2. The laminated panel of claim 1 , further comprising:
a perimeter area and nailing regions for attaching the panel to a structural component of a building, wherein
the structural adhesive covers the perimeter area and the nailing regions of the panel.
3. The laminated panel of claim 1 , further wherein:
the viscoelastic glue covers an area within the areas between the structural framing locations of the panel; and
the structural adhesive covers an area that overlaps with structural framing locations of the expected assembly.
4. The laminated panel of claim 1 , further wherein
the viscoelastic glue forms a first pattern and the structural adhesive forms a second pattern, wherein the first pattern covers an area no less than 20% of a total surface area of the panel.
5. The laminated panel of claim 1 , further wherein
the viscoelastic glue forms a first pattern and the structural adhesive forms a second pattern, wherein the first pattern comprises shapes having edges wherein the distance between the edges of two different shapes is no greater than ½ the wavelength of sound in the attenuation frequency of interest; and the second pattern comprises shapes with a diameter no less than ⅛ of an inch.
6. A building structure for use as part of a wall, floor, ceiling or door, comprising:
two panels attached to a structural frame; wherein
at least one panel comprises a laminated panel; said laminated panel further comprising:
a first external layer of material;
a first layer of glue placed adjacent to the first layer of material;
a second external layer of material placed on the other side of the first layer of glue; wherein
the first layer of glue comprises a sound absorbing viscoelastic glue formed in a first pattern and a structural adhesive formed in a second pattern; wherein
the first pattern and the second pattern are non-overlapping and are provided on the same horizontal plane; a shear modulus of the structural adhesive is at least 10 6 Pa; and a shear modulus of the viscoelastic glue is less than 10 4 Pa.
7. The building structure of claim 6 , further wherein
the first pattern covers an area no less than 20% of a total surface area of the panel.
8. The building structure of claim 6 , further wherein
the first pattern comprises shapes having edges wherein the distance between the edges of two different shapes is no greater than ½ the wavelength of sound in the attenuation frequency of interest; and the second pattern comprises shapes with a diameter no less than ⅛ of an inch.
9. A building structure for use as part of a wall, floor, ceiling or door, comprising:
two panels attached to a structural frame; wherein
at least one of the panels comprises a laminated panel; said laminated panel further comprising:
a first external layer of material;
a first layer of glue placed adjacent to the first layer of material;
a second external layer of material placed on the other side of the first layer of glue;
wherein
the first layer of glue comprises:
a viscoelastic glue having a shear modulus between 10 2 Pascals to 10 6 Pascals, the first layer of glue providing a sound transmission loss for the laminated structure greater than 50 dB at room temperature for sound frequencies of about 1 kHz; and
a structural adhesive having a shear modulus of 10 6 Pascals or more.
10. The building structure of claim 9 , further wherein
the viscoelastic glue forms a first pattern and the structural adhesive forms a second pattern, wherein the first pattern covers an area no less than 20% of a total surface area of the panel.
11. The building structure of claim 9 , further wherein
the viscoelastic glue forms a first pattern and the structural adhesive forms a second pattern, wherein the first pattern comprises shapes having edges wherein the distance between the edges of two different shapes is no greater than ½ the wavelength of sound in the attenuation frequency of interest; and the second pattern comprises shapes with a diameter no less than ⅛ of an inch.
12. A method for making a laminated panel for use in building construction as part of a wall, floor, ceiling or door, and further comprising:
placing a first external layer of material;
placing a first layer of glue adjacent to the first layer of material;
placing a second external layer of material on the other side of the first layer of glue; wherein placing the first layer of glue comprises forming a viscoelastic glue in a first pattern and a structural adhesive in a second pattern; wherein
the first pattern and the second pattern are non-overlapping and are provided on the same horizontal plane, a shear modulus of the structural adhesive is at least 10 6 Pa; and a shear modulus of the viscoelastic glue is less than 10 4 Pa.
13. The method of claim 12 , further wherein forming a structural adhesive in a second pattern comprises placing the structural adhesive in a perimeter area and nailing regions for attaching the panel to a structural component of a building.
14. The method of claim 12 , further wherein forming a viscoelastic glue in a first pattern comprises covering an area within the areas between the structural framing locations of the panel with the viscoelastic glue; and
forming a structural adhesive in a second pattern comprises covering an area that overlaps with structural framing locations of the expected assembly with the structural adhesive.
15. The method of claim 12 , further wherein forming a viscoelastic glue in a first pattern comprises covering an area greater than 20% of a total surface area of the panel with the viscoelastic glue.
16. The method of claim 12 , further wherein forming a viscoelastic glue in a first pattern comprises forming shapes having edges wherein the distance between the edges of two different shapes is no greater than ½ the wavelength of sound in the attenuation frequency of interest; and forming a structural adhesive in a second pattern comprises forming shapes with a diameter greater than ⅛ of an inch.
17. A laminated panel for use in building construction as part of a wall, floor, ceiling, or door, said panel comprising:
a first external layer of material;
a first layer of glue placed adjacent to the first layer of material;
a second external layer of material placed on the other side of the first layer of glue; wherein
the first layer of glue comprises a viscoelastic glue formed in a first pattern and a structural adhesive formed in a second pattern, the viscoelastic glue having a glass transition temperature below room temperature; wherein
the first pattern and the second pattern are non-overlapping and are provided on the same plane, a shear modulus of the structural adhesive is at least 10 6 Pa; and a shear modulus of the viscoelastic glue is less than 10 4 Pa.
18. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein:
the viscoelastic glue has a shear modulus greater than 10 2 Pascals; and
the structural adhesive glue has a shear modulus lower than 10 8 Pascals.
19. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further comprising:
a perimeter area and nailing regions for attaching the panel to a structural component of a building, wherein
the second pattern covers the perimeter area and the nailing regions of the panel.
20. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein:
the first pattern covers an area within the areas between the structural framing locations of the panel; and
the second pattern covers an area that overlaps with structural framing locations of the expected assembly.
21. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein:
the second pattern comprises an array of vertical stripes that have a center to center separation of 24 inches, and further wherein each stripe has a width no less than about ⅛ of an inch, and no greater than about 2 inches.
22. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein:
the second pattern comprises an array of vertical stripes that have a center to center separation of 16 inches, and further wherein each stripe has a width no less than about ⅛ of an inch, and no greater than about 2 inches.
23. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein:
the second pattern comprises an array of vertical stripes that have a center to center separation of 48 inches, and further wherein each stripe has a width no less than about ⅛ of an inch, and no greater than about 2 inches.
24. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein
the first pattern and the second pattern are selected such that the first pattern of glue covers an area no less than 20% of the total surface area of the panel.
25. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein
the first pattern and the second pattern are selected such that the first pattern comprises shapes having edges wherein the distance between the edges of two different shapes is no greater than ½ the wavelength of sound in the attenuation frequency of interest; and the second pattern comprises shapes with a diameter no less than ⅛ of an inch.
26. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein:
at least one of the first and second external layers of material comprises a layer of gypsum.
27. The laminated panel of claim 17 , further wherein:
at least one of the first and second external layers of material is selected from the group consisting of wood, cement-based board, magnesium oxide-based board, and calcium silicate board.