Liquid composite dielectric material
An embodiment relates to a liquid composite dielectric material (LCDM) comprising a metal-containing dispersed phase material in an organic liquid phase material, wherein the liquid composite dielectric material has a dielectric permittivity (∈ r ) of 10000 or more at 40 Hz and a dielectric loss (tan δ) of 1 or less at 40 Hz.
1. A liquid composite dielectric material comprising:
a metal-containing material comprising a morphotropic phase boundary, wherein the metal-containing material comprises Pb, Zr, and Ti; and
an organic liquid, wherein the organic liquid is diethylene glycol, and wherein the metal-containing material is dispersed within the organic liquid.
2. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the metal-containing material is a ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramic.
3. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the metal-containing material is represented by the formula PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 , wherein x is in the range of about 0.40 to about 0.60.
4. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 3 , wherein x is in the range of about 0.48 to about 0.54.
5. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the liquid composite dielectric material comprises an amount of the metal-containing material in the range of about 1% to about 5% by weight.
6. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the metal-containing material is a powder form.
7. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the powder form has an average particle size in the range of about 45 nm to about 200 nm.
8. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the liquid composite dielectric material is a homogeneous solution.
9. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the liquid composite dielectric material has a dielectric permittivity (∈ r ) of 10,000 or more at 40 Hz and a dielectric loss (tan δ) of 1 or less at 40 Hz.
10. A method comprising applying a voltage to the liquid dielectric composite of claim 1 , wherein the voltage is about 1 V to about 100 V and the voltage has a frequency of about 40 Hz to about 10 MHz.
11. A liquid composite dielectric material comprising:
a metal-containing material comprising a morphotropic phase boundary, wherein the metal-containing material is represented by the formula 0.65Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -0.35PbTiO 3 ; and
an organic liquid, wherein the organic liquid is a glycol, and wherein the metal-containing material is dispersed within the organic liquid.
12. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 11 , wherein the liquid composite dielectric material comprises an amount of the metal-containing material in the range of about 1% to about 5% by weight.
13. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 11 , wherein the metal-containing material is a powder form.
14. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 11 , wherein the powder form has an average particle size in the range of about 45 nm to about 200 nm.
15. The liquid composite dielectric material of claim 11 , wherein the glycol is diethylene glycol.
16. A method of making a liquid composite dielectric material, the method comprising:
forming a powder by a sol gel route, wherein the powder comprises a metal-containing material having a morphotropic phase boundary, wherein the metal-containing material comprises Pb, Zr, and Ti; and
dispersing the powder in an organic liquid, wherein the organic liquid is diethylene glycol.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the metal-containing material is a ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramic.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the metal-containing material is represented by the formula PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 , wherein x is in the range of about 0.40 to about 0.60.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein an amount of the metal-containing material in the range of about 1% to about 5% by weight is dispersed in the organic liquid.
20. A capacitor comprising a first conductor, a second conductor, and a dielectric medium disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor, wherein:
the capacitor is configured so that applying a voltage potential between the first conductor and the second conductor produces an electric field in the dielectric medium;
the dielectric medium comprises an organic liquid and a metal-containing material having a morphotropic phase boundary, wherein the organic liquid is diethylene glycol, and wherein the metal-containing material comprises Pb, Zr, and Ti; and
the metal-containing material is dispersed within the organic liquid.