Creation of a biological atrioventricular bypass to compensate for atrioventricular block
The invention provides a method of creating an atrioventricular bypass tract for a heart comprising growing mesenchymal stem cells into a strip with two ends, and attaching one end of the strip onto the atrium of the heart, and attaching the other end of the strip to the ventricle of the heart. By this attachment, a tract is created that connects the atrium to the ventricle to provide a path for electrical signals generated by the sinus node to propagate across the tract and excite the ventricle.
1. An atrioventricular bypass tract for a heart that provides a path for electrical signals generated by the sinus node to propagate across the tract and excite the ventricle, made according to a method comprising
growing mesenchymal stem cells in vitro into a strip with two ends;
attaching one end of the strip onto the atrium of the heart; and
attaching the other end of the strip to the ventricle of the heart, to create a tract connecting the atrium to the ventricle to provide a path for electrical signals generated by the sinus node to propagate across the tract and excite the ventricle.
2. The bypass tract of claim 1 , wherein the stem cells are adult human mesenchymal stem cells.
3. The bypass tract of claim 1 , wherein the stem cells are grown in culture on a non-bioactive material.
4. The bypass tract of claim 1 , wherein the stem cells are grown in an environment substantially free of additional molecular determinants of conduction.
5. The bypass tract of claim 1 , further comprising a step of adding a nucleic acid encoding a protein or peptide or biologically active fragment thereof to the mesenchymal stem cells.
6. The bypass tract of claim 5 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a connexin.
7. The bypass tract of claim 6 , wherein the connexin is connexin 40.
8. The bypass tract of claim 6 , wherein the connexin is connexin 43.
9. The bypass tract of claim 6 , wherein the connexin is connexin 45.
10. The bypass tract of claim 5 , wherein the step of adding nucleic acids includes adding nucleic acids that encode alpha and accessory subunits of a L-type calcium channel.
11. The bypass tract of claim 5 , further comprising adding nucleic acids that encode alpha and accessory subunits of a L-type calcium channel.
12. The bypass tract of claim 5 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channel.
13. The bypass tract of claim 12 , wherein the HCN channel is HCN2.