Sulfonate- or sulfate-capped anti-misting agents
Sulfonate- or sulfate-capped, alkoxylated anti-misting agents having the structures: R((AO) n X) m ((AO) n H) p and R 3 C(O)NH(CH 2 ) z N + (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CHR 4 CH 2 SO 3 − , and to methods of suppressing mist from electrolyte solutions by adding a mist-suppressing amount of one or more of said compounds to electrolyte solutions.
1. An anti-misting compound having the formula:
R((AO) n X) m ((AO) n H) p
wherein
each AO group is, independently, an alkyleneoxy group selected from ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, 1,2-butyleneoxy, and styryleneoxy groups;
n is, independently, a number from 2 to 15;
m is a number from 1 to the total number of —OH hydrogens in the R group prior to alkoxylation;
p is a number such that the sum of m plus p equals the number of —OH hydrogens in the R group prior to alkoxylation;
X is SO 3 Y, (CH 2 ) q SO 3 Y, CH 2 CHOHCH 2 SO 3 Y, or CH 2 CH(CH 3 )OSO 3 Y, where q is a number from 2 to 4, and Y is a cation; and
R is OC(CH 2 O) 2 (IV).
2. The anti-misting compound according to claim 1 , wherein AO is selected from ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, and mixtures thereof.
3. The anti-misting compound according to claim 1 , wherein AO is ethyleneoxy.
4. The anti-misting compound according to claim 1 , wherein Y is a hydrogen, potassium, sodium or ammonium cation.
5. An aqueous electrolyte solution containing:
A) a metal, selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel and zinc, in ionic or dispersed metallic form; and
B) an amount effective to inhibit mist formation from the electrolyte solution of an anti-misting compound having the formula:
R((AO) n X) m ((AO) n H) p
wherein
each AO group is, independently, an alkyleneoxy group selected from ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, 1,2-butyleneoxy, and styryleneoxy groups;
n is, independently, a number from 0 to 40;
m is a number from 1 to the total number of —OH hydrogens in the R group prior to alkoxylation;
p is a number such that the sum of m plus p equals the number of —OH hydrogens in the R group prior to alkoxylation;
X is SO 3 Y, (CH 2 ) q SO 3 Y, CH 2 CHOHCH 2 SO 3 Y, or CH 2 CH(CH 3 )OSO 3 Y, where q is a number from 2 to 4, and Y is a cation; and
R is a compound selected from:
R 1 C(CH 2 O) 3 (II)
where R 1 is H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl;
C(CH 2 O) 4 (III);
OC(CH 2 O) 2 (IV).
6. A method for reducing misting from electrolyte solutions containing at least one metal or metalloid in ionic or dispersed metallic form, the method comprising adding thereto a mist-suppressing quantity of at least one of the sulfonate- or sulfate-capped, alkoxylated anti-misting compounds having the formula:
R((AO) n X) m ((AO) n H) p (I)
wherein
each AO group is, independently, an alkyleneoxy group selected from ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, 1,2-butyleneoxy, and styryleneoxy groups;
n is, independently, a number from 0 to 40;
m is a number from 1 to the total number of —OH hydrogens in the R group prior to alkoxylation;
p is a number, such that the sum of m plus p equals the number of —OH hydrogens in the R group prior to alkoxylation;
X is SO 3 Y, (CH 2 ) q SO 3 Y, CH 2 CHOHCH 2 SO 3 Y, or CH 2 CH(CH 3 )OSO 3 Y, where q is 2-4; and Y is a cation, and
R is group selected from the formulas (II)-(VIII):
R 1 C(CH 2 O) 3 (II)
where R 1 is H, methyl,
ethyl, or propyl;
C(CH 2 O) 4 (III)
OC(CH 2 O) 2 (IV).
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said mist-suppressing quantity is in the range of from about 2 to about 100 ppm.
8. The aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 5 , wherein n is 2 to 15.
9. The aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 5 , wherein R is the compound of formula (II), R 1 is methyl or ethyl, and m is 1.5 to 3.
10. The aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 5 , wherein AO is ethyleneoxy.
11. The aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 5 , wherein AO is selected from ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, and mixtures thereof.
12. The aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 5 , wherein Y is a hydrogen,
potassium, sodium or ammonium cation.