Functional fluid
The disclosed invention relates to a functional fluid comprising: at least one oil of lubricating viscosity; at least one detergent, the detergent contributing an amount of metal to the functional fluid equal to a concentration in the range from about 0.015 to about 1% by weight of the functional fluid, the detergent contributing an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.3 to about 2; and at least one friction modifier, the friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom (eg., a nitrogen atom).
1. A functional fluid comprising:
at least one oil of lubricating viscosity;
at least one detergent, the detergent contributing an amount of metal to the functional fluid equal to a concentration in the range from about 0.015 to about 1% by weight of the functional fluid, the detergent contributing an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.3 to about 2; and
about 1 to about 3 percent by weight of at least one friction modifier, the friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom, the friction modifier being an amide represented by the formula
R 1 R 2 N—C(X)R 3
wherein X is O, R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups, and R 3 is a hydroxyalkyl group or a group formed by the condensation of the hydroxyalkyl group, through a hydroxyl group thereof, with an acylating agent.
2. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises at least one natural oil, at least one synthetic oil, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
3. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the detergent comprises at least one neutral or overbased salt of at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal.
4. The functional fluid of claim 3 wherein the salt comprises one or more sulfonates, carboxylates, phenates, salicylates, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
5. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the two hydrocarbyl groups contain a total of at least about 8 carbon atoms.
6. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the friction modifier comprises the condensation product of a hydroxy acid with dicocoalkylamine.
7. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the functional fluid further comprises at least one carboxylic dispersant, amine dispersant, Mannich dispersant, post-treated dispersant or a mixture of two of more thereof.
8. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the functional fluid further comprises one or more viscosity modifiers and/or dispersant viscosity modifiers.
9. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the functional fluid further comprises at least one supplemental friction modifier, the supplemental friction modifier comprising one or more (i) fatty phosphites, (ii) fatty acid amides, (iii) fatty epoxides, (iv) borated fatty epoxides, (v) fatty amines, (vi) glycerol esters, (vii) borated glycerol esters, (viii) alkoxylated fatty amines, (ix) borated alkoxylated fatty amines, (x) metal salts of fatty acids, (xi) sulfurized olefins, (xii) fatty imidazolines, (xiii) condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines, (xiv) metal salts of alkyl salicylates, (xv) amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
10. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the functional fluid further comprises one or more of phosphorus acids, phosphorus acid salts, phosphorusacid esters, derivatives of one or more thereof, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
11. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the functional fluid further comprises at least one dispersant, viscosity modifier, dispersant viscosity modifier, friction stabilizing agent, phosphorus adjustment agent, antiwear agent, supplemental friction modifier, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, seal swell agent, pour point depressant, dye, fluidizing agent, odor masking agent, foam inhibitor and/or diluent oil.
12. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein said detergent comprises at least one overbased calcium sulfonate and wherein said functional fluid is an automatic transmission fluid.
13. A concentrate for use in making a functional fluid, the concentrate comprising:
at least one oil of lubricating viscosity;
at least one detergent, the detergent being present in the concentrate at a concentration sufficient to contribute an amount of metal to the functional fluid equal to a concentration in the range from about 0.015 to about 1% by weight of the functional fluid, the detergent being present in the concentrate at a concentration sufficient to contribute an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.3 to about 2; and
at least one friction modifier, the friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom, the friction modifier being an amide represented by the formula
R 1 R 2 N—C(X)R 3
wherein X is O, R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups, and R 3 is a hydroxyalkyl group or a group formed by the condensation of the hydroxyalkyl group, through a hydroxyl group thereof, with an acylating agent.
14. The functional fluid of claim 1 wherein the detergent contributes an amount of basicity to the functional fluid equal to a total base number in the range from about 0.4 to about 1.
15. the funtional fluid of claim 1 further comprising a friction modifier comprising at least two hydrocarbyl groups attached to a polar group or atom, selected from (a) the reaction product of at least one carboxylic acid or equivalent with at least one aminoalcohol, (b) the reaction product of at least one carboxylic acid or equivalent with at least one palyamine, (d) at least one tertairy amine containing two hydrocarbyl groups and a polyhydroxyl-containing alkyl group or a polyhydroxyl-containing alkoxyalkyl group, or mixtures thereof.