Formulation and delivery of
A method for controlling Dipteran larvae or a method for inhibiting the development of larvicidal resistance, controlling resistant populations and reducing resistance levels in Diptera by introducing a larvicidally-effective amount of a combination of a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis and a strain of Bacillus sphaericus into an environment containing Dipteran larvae; and a composition of the combination are disclosed. Preferably both strains are non-genetically modified.
1. A method of controlling Dipteran larvae comprising the step of:
introducing a larvicidally-effective amount of a combination of a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis and a strain of Bacillus sphaericus into an environment containing Dipteran larvae, wherein said combination has from about 1:3 to about 3:1 weight ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis is non-genetically modified.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said strain of Bacillus sphaericus is non-genetically modified.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis is non-genetically modified and said strain of Bacillus sphaericus is non-genetically modified.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said combination has from about 1:2 to about 2:1 weight ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said combination has a 1:1 ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said Dipteran is a mosquito.
8. A method for inhibiting larvicidal resistance in Diptera comprising:
the step of introducing a larvicidally-effective amount of a combination of a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis and a strain of Bacillus sphaericus into an environment containing Dipteran larvae, wherein said combination has from about 1:3 to about 3:1 weight ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis is non-genetically modified.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein said strain of Bacillus sphaericus is non-genetically modified.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein said strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis is non-genetically modified and said strain of Bacillus sphaericus is non-genetically modified.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein said combination has from about 1:2 to about 2:1 weight ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein said combination has a 1:1 ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein said Diptera is Culex.
15. The method of claim 8 , wherein larvicidal resistance is developed against Bacillus sphaericus.
16. The method of claim 8 , wherein said Diptera is a mosquito.
17. The method of claim 7 , wherein said mosquito is selected from the group consisting of Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, Culiseta incidens, Anopheles freeborni and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said mosquito is selected from the group consisting of Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, Culiseta incidens, Anopheles freeborni and combinations thereof.
19. A composition comprising:
a combination of a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis and a strain of Bacillus sphaericus, wherein said combination has from about 1:3 to about 3:1 weight ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein said strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis is non-genetically modified.
21. The composition of claim 19 , wherein said strain of Bacillus sphaericus is non-genetically modified.
22. The composition of claim 19 , wherein said strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis is non-genetically modified and said strain of Bacillus sphaericus is non-genetically modified.
23. The composition of claim 19 , wherein said combination has from about 1:2 to about 2:1 weight ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
24. The composition of claim 19 , wherein said combination has a 1:1 ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis to Bacillus sphaericus.
25. The composition of claim 19 further comprising an additional component selected from the group consisting of a surface active agent, an inert carrier, a preservative, a humectant, a feeding stimulant, an attractant, an encapsulating agent, a binder, an emulsifier, a dye, a ultra violet light protectant, a buffer, a drift control agent, a spray deposition aid, a free-flow agent and combinations thereof.
26. The composition of claim 19 , wherein slurries of both strains are spray dried.
27. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the slurries are spray dried separately.
28. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the slurries are mixed together and the mixture is spray dried.