Hollow porous microspheres

1. A microsphere comprising a hollow space inside said microsphere; said microsphere consisting of a mesoporous and/or macroporous circumferential wall, wherein said circumferential wall is surrounding the entire hollow space of said microsphere; wherein the circumferential wall consists of nanofilaments, wherein the nanofilaments are comprised of a metal sulfide selected from the group consisting of CdS, In 2 S 3 and ZnS; wherein said mesopores have a diameter between about 2 to about 50 nm and wherein said macropores have a diameter between about 50 to about 200 nm.

2. The hollow microsphere according to claim 1 , having a diameter between about 1 μm to about 200 μm.

3. The hollow microsphere according to claim 1 , wherein the nanofilaments are further comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of metal oxide, carbon, polymer and mixtures thereof.

4. The hollow microsphere according to claim 1 , wherein said nanofilaments are aligned randomly.

5. The hollow microsphere according to claim 1 , wherein said nanofilaments are selected from the group consisting of nanofibers, nanowires, nanotubes and mixtures thereof.

6. The hollow microsphere according to claim 1 , wherein said microspheres have a diameter between about 2 to about 10 μm.

7. The hollow microsphere according to claim 1 , wherein said nanofilaments have a diameter between about 10 to about 500 nm or between about 10 to about 200 nm or between about 20 to about 100 nm.

8. The hollow microsphere according to claim 3 , wherein said at least one metal oxide or metal sulfide is a photocatalytic material or wherein said at least one metal oxide is the photocatalytic material TiO 2 .

9. The hollow microsphere according to claim 3 , wherein said metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , SiO 2 , ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , W 2 O 3 SrTiO 3 , NiFe 2 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 , Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 , MgTiO 3 , NiTiO 3 , Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 -Mn 3 O 4 , Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , Nb 2 O 5 , NiO/ZnO, PVP-TiO 2 , SnO 2 , La 2 CuO 4 , BaTiO 3 and mixtures thereof.

10. The hollow microsphere according to claim 3 , wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), poly(urethanes), poly(siloxanes), poly(silicones), poly(ethylene), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), polyaniline/polyethylene oxide blends, poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl acetate), polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(methacrylic acid), polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acids (PGA), poly(lactide-co-glycolides) (PLGA), nylons, polyamides, polyanhydrides, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH), polycaprolactone, poly(vinyl acetate), polyvinylhydroxide, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyorthoesters and mixtures thereof or wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of collagen, poly(alpha esters), such as poly(lactate acid), poly(glycolic acid), polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides; cellulose ether, cellulose acetate, cellulose, cellulose ester, chitosan, gelatin, fluorinated polyethylene, poly-4-methylpentene, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacrylate, polybenzoxazole, polycarbonate, polycyanoarylether, polyester, polyestercarbonate, polyether, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyetherketone, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polyfluoroolefin, polyimide, polyolefin, polyoxadiazole, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polysulfide, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polythioether, polytriazole, polyurethane, polyvinyl, polyvinylidene fluoride, regenerated cellulose, silicone, urea-formaldehyde and copolymers or physical blends thereof.

11. The hollow microspheres according to claim 8 , wherein said TiO 2 is in anatase and/or rutil phase.

12. A method of manufacturing at least one hollow microsphere, said microsphere comprising a hollow space inside said microsphere; said microsphere consisting of a mesoporous and/or macroporous circumferential wall, wherein said circumferential wall is surrounding the entire hollow space of said microsphere; wherein the circumferential wall consists of nanofilaments, wherein the nanofilammts are comprised of a metal sulfide selected from the group consisting of CdS, In 2 S 3 and ZnS; wherein said mesopores have a diameter between about 2 to about 50 nm and wherein said macropores have a diameter between about 50 to about 200 nm, wherein said method comprises:

spray drying a suspension of a surfactant and the nanofilaments; wherein said suspension comprises said nanofilaments in a concentration of between about 2 to 10 g/l.

13. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising the step of drying and/or calcination after spray drying.

14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein said suspension comprises said nanofilaments in a concentration between about 4 to 8 g/l.

15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said calcination is carried out at a temperature between about 300° C. to about 700° C.

16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the concentration of said surfactant is between about 0.05 to about 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of said resulting suspension or wherein the concentration of said surfactant is about 0.1 wt % based on the total weight of said resulting suspension.

17. The method according to claim 12 , wherein said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.

18. A method of cleaning contaminated water comprising filtering said contaminated water through a compartment comprising hollow microspheres, said microsphere comprising a hollow space inside said microsphere; said microsphere consisting of a mesoporous and/or macroporous circumferential wall, wherein said circumferential wall is surrounding the entire hollow space of said microsphere; wherein the circumferential wall consists of nanofilaments, wherein the nanofilaments are comprised of a metal sulfide selected from the group consisting of CdS, In 2 S 3 and ZnS; wherein said mesopores have a diameter between about 2 to about 50 nm and wherein said macropores have a diameter between about 50 to about 200 nm.

19. A catalyst, or chromatographic material, or light-weight structural material, or thermal insulators, or acoustic insulators or electrical insulators comprising a hollow microsphere, said microsphere comprising a hollow space inside said microsphere; said microsphere consisting of a mesoporous and/or macroporous circumferential wall, wherein said circumferential wall is surrounding the entire hollow space of said microsphere; wherein the circumferential wall consists of nanofilaments, wherein the nanofilaments are comprised of a metal sulfide selected from the group consisting of CdS, In 2 S 3 and ZnS; wherein said mesopores have a diameter between about 2 to about 50 nm and wherein said macropores have a diameter between about 50 to about 200 nm.