Alginate-based nanofibers and related scaffolds
Alginate nanofibers, scaffolds that include alginate nanofibers, implantable devices that include alginate nanofibers, and methods for making the alginate nanofibers by electrospinning.
1. A crosslinked fiber, comprising alginate and a hydrophilic polymer, wherein the fiber comprises from about 30 to about 95 weight percent alginate based on the total weight of the fiber.
2. The fiber of claim 1 having a diameter of from about 20 to about 2000 nm.
3. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is selected from the group consisting of a poly(alkylene oxide), a polyvinyl alcohol, and a polycarboxylic acid polymer.
4. The fiber of claim 3 , wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) is polyethylene oxide.
5. The fiber of claim 3 , wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) has a molecular weight of from about 50 kDa to about 1000 kDa.
6. The fiber of claim 3 , comprising from about 5 to about 30 weight percent poly(alkylene oxide) based on the total weight of the fiber.
7. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is crosslinked with an ionic crosslinking agent.
8. The fiber of claim 7 , wherein the ionic crosslinking agent is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of calcium (2), barium (2), strontium (2), copper (2), zinc (2), magnesium (2), manganese (2), cobalt (2), lead (2), iron (3), and aluminum (3) ions.
9. The fiber of claim 7 further crosslinked with a covalent crosslinking agent.
10. The fiber of claim 9 , wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is a bifunctional crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of carbodiimides, allyl halide oxides, dialdehydes, diamines, and diisocyanates.
11. The fiber of claim 9 , wherein the covalent crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of epichlorohydrin, gluteraldehyde, hexamethylene diisocyanate, adipic acid hydrazide, and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride.
12. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the fiber is crosslinked with a covalent crosslinking agent.
13. A fibrous scaffold, comprising a plurality of the fibers of claim 1 .
14. The scaffold of claim 13 further comprising chitosan.
15. The scaffold of claim 13 further comprising collagen.
16. The scaffold of claim 13 further comprising a biologically active amino acid molecule selected from the group consisting of growth factors, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, integrins, nucleic acid molecules, lipids, sugars, antisense molecules, anti-inflammatory agents, immunomodulatory agents, molecules that promote cell migration, molecules that promote cell division, molecules that promote cell proliferation and differentiation, molecules that stimulate phenotypic modification of cells, molecules that promote angiogenesis, molecules that promote vascularization, and molecules that promote extracellular matrix disposition.
17. The scaffold of claim 13 further comprising a signaling ligand selected from the group consisting of members of the TGF-β family, bone morphogenic proteins, fibroblast growth factors-1 and -2, platelet-derived growth factor-AA and -BB, and platelet rich plasma and vascular endothelial cell-derived growth factor.
18. An implantable device, comprising the fiber of claim 1 .
19. The device of claim 18 , wherein the device is a cell transplantation device, a drug delivery device, a wound dressing, a hemostat, a surgically implantable device for repairing a damaged cartilage in mammalian articulating joints, a fabric barrier to hyperplasia and tissue adhesion, a vascular prosthesis, a nerve graft, a spinal fusion cage, or a skin substitute.