Oligonucleotide analogues incorporating 5-aza-cytosine therein
Oligonucleotide analogues are provided that incorporate 5-aza-cytosine in the oligonucleotide sequence, e.g., in the form of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine) or 5-aza-cytidine. In particular, oligonucleotide analogues rich in decitabine-deoxyguanosine islets (DpG and GpD) are provided to target the CpG islets in the human genome, especially in the promoter regions of genes susceptible to aberrant hypermethylation. Such analogues can be used for modulation of DNA methylation, such as effective inhibition of methylation of cytosine at the C-5 position. Methods for synthesizing these oligonucleotide analogues and for modulating nucleic acid methylation are provided. Also provided are phosphoramidite building blocks for synthesizing the oligonucleotide analogues, methods for synthesizing, formulating and administering these compounds or compositions to treat conditions, such as cancer and hematological disorders.
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an isolated or synthetic dinucleotide analogue, or its salt or ester, comprising one 5-aza-cytosine as a base residue in the sequence of the dinucleotide analogue, wherein the dinucleotide is linked with a phospholinker wherein the number of phosphorus atoms in the phospholinker is one, and wherein the dinucleotide analogue has a general formula of:
a. Z-L-G, or G-L-Z, wherein Z is 5-aza-cytosine; G is guanine; and L is a phospholinker covalently linking Z and G, wherein the number of phosphorus atoms in the phospholinker is one; or
b. 5′-DpG-3′ or 5′GpD-3′, wherein D is decitabine; p is a phospholinker wherein the number of phosphorus atoms in the phospholinker is one; and G is deoxyguanosine,
and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, wherein the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier is a solution or an emulsion.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the dinucleotide analogue or its salt or ester is in solid form.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and combinations thereof.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier is a solution having less than 40% of water.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier is a solution having less than 5% of water.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier is a solution comprising ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsion comprises a cationic emulsifier.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the dinucleotide analogue has the general formula of: Z-L-G or G-L-Z.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein L or p is a sugar phosphorodiester linker.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein L or p is a ribose or 2′-deoxyribose phosphorodiester linker.
11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt is a sodium, calcium, lithium, potassium, ammonium, or trialkylammonium salt.
12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt is a sodium salt.
13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the dinucleotide analogue is a compound of the formula:
wherein X + is a counter ion.
14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 , wherein the counter ion is a sodium ion.
15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier comprises a concentration of propylene glycol and a concentration of glycerine.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of propylene glycol in the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier is between 10-80%.
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of propylene glycol in the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier is between 50-70%.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for administration by injection.
19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for administration by subcutaneous injection.
20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , comprising between 0.1 and 200 mg of the dinucleotide analogue per mL of pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , comprising between 0.1 and 100 mg of the dinucleotide analogue per mL of pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.