Manufacturing of bioorganic-augmented high nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer
The invention describes a new method for the production of high nitrogen organically-augmented inorganic fertilizer that incorporates municipal biosolids or organic sludges that can compete with traditional fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and urea on the commodity fertilizer marketplace. The method creates a thixotropic paste-like material from the biosolids or organic sludge that is blended with hot or molten ammonium salts, especially a mixture of ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate. The invention can be an add-on to commercial production of ammonium salts or it can stand alone by manufacturing ammonium salts prior to their introduction to the conditioned biosolids. The invention is oriented to be tailored to production facilities for individual municipal waste treatment plants in order to keep manufacturing plants small with a minimization of logistics and liability.
1. A method of manufacturing a fertilizer comprising:
in a first mixer, mixing an organic sludge with a force sufficient to produce a paste;
adding acid to the paste to produce an acidic paste in the first mixer;
transferring the acidic paste to one of three pressure vessels, blending the acidic paste with ammonium salts in the one pressure vessel;
reacting the acidic paste under high atmospheric pressure and temperature within the one pressure vessel;
emptying the one pressure vessel into a second mixer;
mixing at least one member selected from the group consisting of a pH control agent and a hardening agent with the reacted paste in the second mixer; and
removing water to form a fertilizer;
wherein while a first pressure vessel is filling, a second pressure vessel is reacting, and a third pressure vessel is emptying to create a batch system.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ammonium salts comprises concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated phosphoric acid, anhydrous ammonia, and aqueous ammonia, or a combination hereof.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the ammonium salts are obtained from a different manufacturing process.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sufficient force is provided by kneading action, forward mixing action, back mixing action, and double shafted rotating bladed pub mill action, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the acidic paste is heated prior to being blended with the ammonium salts.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the acidic paste is heated in a mixer, pug mill, or plow blender.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the mixer is heated by a heated shaft, heated paddle blades, a heated jacketed sleeve surrounding the mixer, or a combination hereof.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the paste is blended with concerted phosphoric acid.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein mixing a pH control agent causes the acidic paste to have a pH value less than 6.0 and greater than 3.5.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein a pH control agent causes the acidic paste to have a pH value less than 5.5 and greater than 3.5.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the acidic paste is heated to at least 27° C. prior to blending with the ammonium salts.
12. The method of claim 5 wherein the acidic paste is heated to at least 35° C.
13. The method of claim 5 wherein the acidic paste is heated to at least 44° C.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the ammonium salts, prior to blending, have a temperature greater than 100° C. by reaction with one or a combination of concentrated acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, and a combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the temperature is greater than 177° C.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the ammonium salts, after blending, have a temperature greater than 100° C.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one of the first and second mixers are a pug mill.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the pug mill is heated.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the pug mill is heated to a temperature equal to or greater than 85° C. for between 1 second and 60 seconds.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the pug mill is heated to a temperature equal to or greater than 85° C. for between 10 seconds and 30 seconds.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the pug mill is heated to a temperature equal to or greater than 85° C. for between 15 seconds and 20 seconds.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein a reaction between the acids and ammonia salts in the pressure vessel causes the increase in atmospheric pressure and heat within the pressure vessel.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the increase in atmospheric pressure within the pressure vessel exceeds 20 pounds per square inch.
24. The method of claim 22 wherein the increase in atmospheric pressure within the pressure vessel exceeds 50 pounds per square inch.
25. The method of claim 22 wherein the increase in atmospheric pressure within the pressure vessel exceeds 100 pounds per square inch.
26. The method of claim 22 wherein the increase in atmospheric pressure within the pressure vessel exceeds 200 pounds per square inch.
27. The method of claim 22 wherein the reaction produces steam.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the steam is removed to create a drying effect.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein the steam is removed under negative pressure or partial vacuum.
30. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding one or more plant nutrients to the acidic paste.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein one or more plant nutrients are selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, urea ammonium nitrate, liquid urea, potash, and combinations thereof.
32. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more hardening agents are selected from the group consisting of ferric oxides, alum, attapulgite clay, industrial molasses, lignon, and combinations thereof.
33. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding one or more oxidizing agents to the acidic paste to decrease odor.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein one or more oxidizing agents are selected from group consisting of calcium ferrate, sodium ferrate, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and combinations thereof.
35. The method of claim 1 wherein the pH control agent is selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, anhydrous ammonia, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, fluidized bed ash Class C fly ash and Class F fly ash, multistage burner fly ash, alum, water treatment sludge, wood ash, and combinations thereof.
36. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming dried granules and coating the dried granules.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein the dried granules are greater than 90% solids.
38. The method of claim 36 wherein the dried granules are greater than 95% solids.
39. The method of claim 36 wherein the dried granules are greater than 98% solids.
40. The method of claim 36 wherein the dried granules are separated with a screen into an amount of undersized dried granules, oversized dried granules, and dust.
41. The method of claim 40 wherein the undersized dried granules and dust are mixed with an amount of acidic blowdown from an emissions scrubbing apparatus and reintroduced to the second mixer.
42. The method of claim 40 wherein the oversized dried granules are crushed in a mill and mixed with an amount of acid blowdown from an emissions scrubbing apparatus and reintroduced to the second mixer.
43. The method of claim 36 wherein the dried granules are cooled to less than 43° C. in a cooling apparatus.
44. The method of claim 43 wherein the cooling apparatus is a fluidized bed.
45. The method of claim 43 wherein the cooling apparatus is a rotating drum.
46. The method of claim 36 wherein coating the dried granules comprises coating with a chemical material imparting a resistance to abrasion and dust generation.