Capacitive sensor to sense an electric field generated by a conductor

1. A capacitive sensor for sensing an electrical field generated by a live conductor, comprising a source electrode, a screen element, and an electrical field sensor, in which the source electrode has a proximal portion connected to the live conductor and a distal portion placed inside the screen element; in which the electrical field sensor is placed inside the screen element so that it faces and is spaced apart from the distal portion of the source electrode in order to detect the electrical field emitted by the distal portion of the source electrode, in which the source electrode the screen element and the electrical field sensor are positioned with respect to each other by means of a dielectric medium in which they are embedded, in which the screen element comprises a first screened chamber having a first open end facing the live conductor, in which the source electrode passing through the first open end has a distal portion placed inside the first screened chamber, in which the electric field sensor is placed inside the first screened chamber and is axially spaced apart from the distal portion of the source electrode, wherein a portion of the source electrode is shaped in the form of a solid funnel with a stem orientated toward the distal end.

2. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the sides of the funnel are rounded.

3. The capacitive sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the radius of curvature of the rounded sides is determined by the minimum distance to be maintained between the circular perimeter of the proximal end of the screen element and the source electrode in order not to exceed the dielectric strength of the dielectric body, thus providing the required level of insulation.

4. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the proximal end portion of the source electrode is disc-shaped.

5. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen element has a tubular configuration.

6. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein it additionally comprises a second screen element forming an inner third chamber in which the source electrode is placed.

7. The capacitive sensor according to claim 6 , wherein the second screen element is formed from conductive material and is connected to the live conductor and to the source electrode.

8. The capacitive sensor according to claim 6 , wherein the second screen element is shaped in the form of a spherical dome.

9. The capacitive sensor according to claim 8 , wherein the screen element has a proximal portion placed inside the third chamber formed by the further second screen element.

10. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the distal end of the source electrode is shaped in the form of a spherical segment.

11. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical field sensor is shaped in the form of a spherical dome with an open base facing upward and toward the source electrode.

12. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the distal end portion of the source electrode is shaped in the form of a spherical segment and in that the electrical field sensor is shaped in the form of a spherical dome with an open base facing upward and toward the source electrode.

13. The capacitive sensor according to claim 12 , wherein the spherical dome of the electrical field sensor has an inner surface positioned equidistant from the outer surface of the distal end of the spherical segment of the source electrode facing it.

14. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen element additionally comprises a second screened chamber placed in the distal portion of the screen element, and in that a circuit for treating the signal detected by the electrical field sensor is placed inside the second chamber.

15. The capacitive sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the screen element additionally comprises a screened duct by means of which the first chamber is made to communicate with the second chamber, and in that an electrical conductor connecting the electrical field sensor with the signal treatment circuit is placed inside the screened duct.

16. The capacitive sensor according to claim 14 , wherein the distal end portion of the source electrode is shaped in the form of a spherical segment.

17. A capacitive sensor for sensing an electrical field generated by a live conductor, comprising a source electrode a screen element and an electrical field sensor, in which the source electrode has a proximal portion connected to the live conductor and a distal portion placed inside the screen element, in which the electrical field sensor is placed inside the screen element so that it faces and is spaced apart from the distal portion of the source electrode in order to detect the electrical field emitted by the distal portion of the source electrode, in which the source electrode and the screen element and the electrical field sensor are positioned with respect to each other by means of a dielectric medium in which they are embedded, in which the screen element comprises a first screened chamber having a first open end facing the live conductor, in which the source electrode passing through the first open end has a distal portion placed inside the first screened chamber, in which the electric field sensor is placed inside the first screened chamber and is axially spaced apart from the distal portion of the source electrode, wherein the proximal end portion connected to the live conductor of the source electrode is disc-shaped.

18. The capacitive sensor according to claim 17 , wherein the distal portion of the source electrode has a cylindrical shape with a rounded distal end.