Diamond semiconductor element and process for producing the same
An integrated optical waveguide has a first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide, and a groove. The second optical waveguide is coupled to the first optical waveguide and has a refractive index that is different from the first optical waveguide. The groove is disposed so as to traverse an optical path of the first optical waveguide and is separated from an interface between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide by a predetermined spacing. The spacing from the interface and the width of the groove are determined such that reflection at a boundary between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide is weakened. A semiconductor board may be disposed at a boundary between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide. In this case, the width of the groove and the thickness of the semiconductor board are determined such that light reflected off an interface between the first optical waveguide and the groove is weakened by light reflected from an interface between the groove and the semiconductor board, and by light reflected from an interface between the semiconductor board and the second optical waveguide.
1. A process for producing a diamond semiconductor element, comprising:
forming a first metal film on a diamond single-crystal thin-film;
forming a second metal film on said first metal film, wherein said second metal film is thicker than said first metal film;
forming, in a first area of said second metal film, a first aperture reaching the surface of said first metal film;
etching away a part of the surface of said first metal film exposed by said first aperture to form a second aperture extending through said first metal film so as to reach the surface of said diamond single-crystal thin-film, the second aperture of the first metal film being narrower than the first aperture of the second metal film; and
forming a third metal film on said diamond single-crystal thin-film exposed by said second aperture.
2. The process of processing the diamond semiconductor element according to claim 1 , wherein in the step of forming said first aperture, said first aperture is formed such that the width of said first aperture is larger than the thickness of said second metal film.
3. The process of processing the diamond semiconductor element according to claim 1 , wherein forming the second metal film on the first metal film comprises:
coating a first portion of a top surface of the first metal film with a resist so as to leave a second portion of the top surface of the first metal film uncoated; and
forming a second metal film on the second portion of the top surface of the first metal film and on a top surface of the resist; and
wherein forming the first aperture in the first area of the second metal film comprises performing liftoff of the resist.
4. A method for producing a diamond semiconductor element, comprising:
forming a first metal film on a top surface of a diamond single-crystal thin-film;
coating a first portion of a top surface of the first metal film with a first resist so as to leave a second portion of the top surface of the first metal film uncoated;
forming a second metal film on the second portion of the top surface of the first metal film and on a top surface of the first resist;
performing liftoff of the first resist to form, in a portion of the second metal film, a first aperture extending through the second metal film to the first portion of the top surface of the first metal film, thereby openly exposing the first portion of the top surface of the first metal film;
etching away an area of the exposed first portion of the top surface of the first metal film to form a second aperture extending through the first metal film to the surface of the diamond single-crystal thin-film, thereby openly exposing a portion of the top surface of the diamond single-crystal thin-film, the second aperture of the first metal film being narrower than the first aperture of the second metal film; and
forming a third metal film on the exposed portion of the top surface of the diamond single-crystal thin-film through the first and second apertures.
5. The method recited in claim 4 , further comprising, after performing liftoff of the first resist:
coating a top surface of the second metal film and the exposed first portion of the top surface of the first metal film with a second resist; and
etching away an area of the second resist positioned over the first portion of the top surface of the first metal film so as to expose the area of the top surface of the first metal film.
6. The method recited in claim 5 , wherein forming the third metal film on the exposed portion of the top surface of the diamond single-crystal thin-film comprises:
forming the third metal film on a top surface of the second resist and the exposed portion of the top surface of the diamond single-crystal thin-film; and
performing liftoff of the second resist.
7. The method recited in claim 4 , wherein the second portion of the top surface of the first metal film comprises two areas completely separated by the first portion.
8. The method recited in claim 4 , whereby the etching produces an undercut on the first metal film.
9. The method recited in claim 4 , wherein the third metal film is spaced apart from the first and second metal films.
10. The method recited in claim 4 , wherein the diamond semiconductor element is formed such that:
the first metal film is divided into a first section and a second section by the first aperture, the first and second sections being completely separated from each other;
the second metal film is divided into a first section and a second section by the second aperture, the first and second sections being completely separated from each other;
the first section of the first metal film and the first section of the second metal film combine to form a source electrode;
the second section of the first metal film and the second section of the second metal film combine to form a drain electrode;
the third metal film forms a gate electrode; and
the source, drain, and gate electrodes are spaced apart from each other so as to not contact each other.