Variable optical attenuator comprising hollow core waveguide
A variable optical attenuator device is described that comprises a first optical input, a first optical output, a first optical path between the first optical input and the first optical output, and means for moving a shutter across said first optical path. A hollow core waveguide is provided to substantially guide light along the first optical path of the device. The device may also be used to provide an analogue beam splitting or switch function in telecommunication systems and the like.
1. A variable optical attenuator device comprising:
a first optical input,
a first optical output,
a first optical path between the first optical input and the first optical output,
a shutter that is moveable across said first optical path, wherein a hollow core waveguide is provided to substantially guide light along the first optical path, and
a second optical output arranged to receive light reflected by said shutter when said shutter located in the first optical path, wherein said device is formed in a substrate that comprises semiconductor material, and wherein the second optical output comprises a beam dump means.
2. A variable optical attenuator device comprising:
a first optical input,
a first optical output,
a first optical path between the first optical input and the first optical output,
a shutter that is moveable across said first optical path, wherein a hollow core waveguide is provided to substantially guide light along the first optical path, and
a second optical output arranged to receive light reflected by said shutter when said shutter located in the first optical path, wherein said device is formed in a substrate that comprises semiconductor material, and wherein a second optical input is provided and a second optical path is defined between the second optical input and the second optical output, said shutter being moveable across said second optical path.
3. A device according to claim 2 wherein a hollow core waveguide is provided to substantially guide light along the second optical path.
4. A device according to claim 2 wherein the first optical output is arranged to receive light from the second optical input that is reflected by the shutter when located in the second optical path.
5. A device according to claim 2 wherein the propagation axes of said first and second optical paths are substantially orthogonal at a point of intersection and the shutter is angled at substantially 45° to the propagation axes of the first and second optical paths.
6. A device according to claim 2 wherein at least one of the second optical input and the second optical output comprise a means for receiving an optical fibre.
7. A variable optical attenuator device comprising a first optical input, a first optical output, a first optical path between the first optical input and the first optical output, and a shutter that is moveable across said first optical path, wherein a hollow core waveguide is provided to substantially guide light along the first optical path, wherein the hollow core waveguide is a multi-mode waveguide dimensioned to provide a multi-mode re-imaging effect.
8. A device according to claim 7 wherein the shutter is moveable across the first optical path in the vicinity of a multi-mode re-imaging or replication point.
9. A device according to claim 7 wherein the multi-mode wave guide is tapered so as to have reduced cross-sectional dimensions in the vicinity of the multi-mode re-imaging point.
10. A device according to claim 7 wherein the shutter is moveable across the first optical path in the vicinity of a point of maximum field expansion.