Oxygen detection using metalloporphyrins
An oxygen sensor includes a metalloporphyrin for detecting oxygen levels. The oxygen sensors may also include a light source and a detector. The sensors are configured to measure changes in spectra in response to the redox reaction. They can detect a variety of samples for presence and changes in oxygen concentration in both solution and gaseous form.
1. An oxygen sensing apparatus comprising:
a substrate configured for spectral analysis, the substrate comprising at least a partial coating of a metalloporphyrin that is configured to bind oxygen;
a light source configured to illuminate the substrate; and
a detector configured to detect an emission spectrum or an absorption spectrum from the substrate;
wherein:
the metalloporphyrin comprises a microbead or microcapsule; and
the porphyrin of the metalloporphyrin comprises, hemerythrin, chlorocruorin, vanabin, pinnaglobin, myoglobin, erythrocruorin, neuroglobin, leghemoglobin, cytoglobin, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
2. The oxygen sensing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the metalloporphyrin is iron, vanadium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, chromium, platinum, palladium, silver, or gold.
3. The oxygen sensing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a chamber, a tube, or a channel.
4. The oxygen sensing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises quartz, glass, plastic, or a salt.
5. The oxygen sensing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a salt comprising CaF 2 or MgF 2 .
6. The oxygen sensing apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an gas-permeable membrane.
7. An oxygen sensing apparatus comprising:
a chamber configured to permit spectral analysis;
a metalloporphyrin configured to bind oxygen and encapsulated within a microbead or microcapsule;
a light source configured to illuminate the chamber; and
a detector configured to detect an emission spectrum or an absorption spectrum from the chamber;
wherein:
the metalloporphyrin is contained within the chamber during spectral analysis; and
the porphyrin of the metalloporphyrin comprises hemerythrin, chlorocruorin, vanabin, pinnaglobin, myoglobin, erythrocruorin, neuroglobin, leghemoglobin, cytoglobin, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
8. The oxygen sensing apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the metal of the metalloporphyrin is iron, vanadium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, chromium, platinum, palladium, silver, or gold.
9. The oxygen sensing apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the chamber is a salt comprising CaF 2 or MgF 2 .
10. A method for detecting oxygen gas or dissolved oxygen gas in a sample, the method comprising:
introducing the sample to an oxygen sensing apparatus comprising:
a chamber comprising a substrate at least partially coated with a metalloporphyrin configured to bind oxygen;
a light source configured to illuminate the chamber; and
a detector configured to detect an emission spectrum or an absorption spectrum from the chamber;
contacting the metalloporphyrin with the sample;
illuminating the chamber and sample with the light source; and
detecting an emission spectrum or an absorption spectrum before and after introducing the sample;
wherein:
the chamber is configured to permit spectral analysis;
the metalloporphyrin is encapsulated within a microbead or microcapsule;
the metalloporphyrin is contained within the chamber during spectral analysis; and
the porphyrin of the metalloporphyrin comprises hemerythrin, chlorocruorin, vanabin, pinnaglobin, myoglobin, erythrocruorin, neuroglobin, leghemoglobin, cytoglobin, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
11. A method for detecting the oxygen gas or dissolved oxygen gas content of a sample, the method comprising:
contacting the sample and a metalloporphyrin configured to bind oxygen in an oxygen sensing apparatus comprising:
a chamber configured to permit spectral analysis;
a light source configured to illuminate the chamber; and
a detector configured to detect an emission spectrum or an absorption spectrum from the chamber;
illuminating the chamber and sample with the light source; and
detecting an emission spectrum or an absorption spectrum of the sample before and after introducing the sample;
wherein:
the metalloporphyrin is encapsulated within a microbead or microcapsule;
the metalloporphyrin is contained within the chamber during spectral analysis; and
the porphyrin of the metalloporphyrin comprises hemerythrin, chlorocruorin, vanabin, pinnaglobin, myoglobin, erythrocruorin, neuroglobin, leghemoglobin, cytoglobin, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the metal of the metalloporphyrin is iron, vanadium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, chromium, platinum, palladium, silver, or gold.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal of the metalloporphyrin is iron, vanadium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, chromium, platinum, palladium, silver, or gold.