Additives and modifiers for solvent- and water-based metallic conductive inks
A conductive ink includes metallic nanoparticles, a polymeric dispersant, and a solvent. The polymeric dispersant may be ionic, non-ionic, or any combination of ionic and non-ionic polymeric dispersants. The solvent may include water, an organic solvent, or any combination thereof. The conductive ink may include a stabilizing agent, an adhesion promoter, a surface tension modifier, a defoaming agent, a leveling additive, a rheology modifier, a wetting agent, an ionic strength modifier, or any combination thereof.
1. A conductive ink comprising:
about 15 wt % to about 65 wt % copper nanoparticles;
a vehicle comprising: about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % water;
about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % cyclohexanol; and
an amount of isopropanol such that a ratio of water to isopropanol is between about 1:1 and about 1:2; and
a dispersant.
2. A conductive ink comprising:
about 15 wt % to about 65 wt % copper nanoparticles;
a vehicle comprising: about 1.0 wt % to about 30 wt % water;
about 20 wt % to about 80 wt % isobutanol; and
an amount of isopropanol such that a ratio of water to isopropanol is between about 1:1 and about 1:2; and
a dispersant.