Heat-dissipating compositions comprising estolide compounds
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
1. A method of dissipating heat away from a device, comprising contacting at least a portion of the device with a composition having an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 1.5, wherein the EN is the average number of estolide linkages in compounds according to Formula I, and wherein the composition comprises at least one estolide compound of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer equal to or greater than 0;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is independently optionally substituted, and
wherein said composition has a total acid number equal to or less than 0.1 mg KOH/g.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each fatty acid chain residue, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein x+y is 15 for at least one fatty acid chain residue.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein R 2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is selected from C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is selected from unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein R 1 is saturated.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 45 cSt when measured at 40° C.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said composition has a pour point equal to or lower than −25° C.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one additive selected from one or more of an antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, a cold flow modifier, a pour point modifier, a metal chelating agent, or a metal deactivator.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has a fire point of greater than or equal to 300° C.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has a flash point of greater than or equal to 275° C.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has an electrical conductivity of less than or equal to 5 pS/M at 25° C.
21. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has a color of less than or equal to 1 when measured according to ASTM Method D1500.
22. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has a dielectric breakdown voltage under impulse conditions (25° C., needle negative to sphere grounded, 1 in.) of greater than or equal to 130 kV.
23. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the at least one additive comprises an antioxidant selected from BHT, BHA, TBHQ, DBPC, THBP, an alkylated diphenylamine, vitamin E, and ascorbyl palmitate.
24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises at least one transformer.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein said at least one transformer comprises a housing and a core/coil assembly, wherein the core/coil assembly is positioned in the housing and wherein the composition surrounds at least a portion of the core/coil assembly.
26. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said device comprises a fluid-filled transmission cable.
27. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one additive selected from one or more of a polyalphaolefin, a synthetic ester, a polyalkylene glycol, a mineral oil, a vegetable oil, an animal-based oil, a monoglyceride, a diglyceride, a triglyceride, or a fatty-acid ester.