Topical formulation
It has been discovered that certain combinations of compounds are excellent penetration enhancers and, as such, can be incorporated in a topical formulation to facilitate administration of active agents. The increased penetration enhancement can also lead to a reduction in the total concentration of skin irritants in the formulation. There is described herein a topical formulation comprising (i) an active agent selected from at least one of lidocaine and tetracaine; (ii) a first compound, and (iii) a second compound, wherein the first compound and second compound are different, and each is selected from the group consisting of N-lauroyl sarcosine, sodium octyl sulfate, methyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, oleic acid, glyceryl oleate and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
1. A topical formulation comprising: (i) an active agent selected from at least one of lidocaine or tetracaine, (ii) a first compound, (iii) a second compound, and (iv) a thickener, wherein the first compound and second compound are different, and each is selected from the group consisting of N-lauroyl sarcosine, sodium octyl sulfate, methyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, oleic acid, glyceryl oleate and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
2. The topical formulation of claim 1 , wherein the first compound and second compound are selected from the group consisting of isopropyl myristate, oleic acid, glyceryl oleate and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
3. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the active agent is a combination of lidocaine and tetracaine.
4. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the first compound comprises isopropyl myristate and the second compound comprises oleic acid.
5. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the first compound comprises isopropyl myristate and the second compound comprises glyceryl oleate.
6. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the first compound comprises sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and the second compound comprises isopropyl myristate.
7. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the first compound comprises oleic acid and the second compound comprises glyceryl oleate.
8. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the first compound comprises oleic acid and the second compound comprises sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
9. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the first compound comprises glyceryl oleate and the second compound comprises sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
10. The topical formulation of claim 2 , further comprising one or more biologically acceptable excipients.
11. The topical formulation of claim 10 , wherein the thickener is polyvinyl alcohol.
12. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the total concentration of the first compound and the second compound is up to about 50 wt %, 40 wt %, 35 wt %, 30 wt %, 25 wt %, 20 wt %, 15 wt %, 10 wt %, 7.5 wt % or 5 wt %, per unit volume of the formulation.
13. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the total concentration of the first compound and the second compound is in the range of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %, per unit volume of the formulation.
14. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the total concentration of the first compound and the second compound is in the range of from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %, per unit volume of the formulation.
15. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the total concentration of the first compound and the second compound is in the range of from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt %, per unit volume of the formulation.
16. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the total concentration of the first compound and the second compound is in the range of from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %, per unit volume of the formulation.
17. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound is in the range of from about 1:9 to about 9:1.
18. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound is in the range of from about 1:3 to about 3:1.
19. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound is in the range of from about 1:2 to about 2:1.
20. The topical formulation of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound is about 1:1.