Directed energy melter
The melter includes a vessel and structure for introducing waste material into the vessel. Waveguide structure is provided for introducing millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation into the vessel to heat the waste material. A gyrotron is a preferred source for the millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation.
1. A directed energy melter for vitrification of waste material comprising:
a vessel;
structure for introducing waste material into the vessel; and
waveguide structure configured to introduce directed energy in the form of millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation into the vessel to heat the waste material,
wherein the melter is configured such that the directed energy and the waste material rotate and translate relative to each other during heating of the waste material.
2. The melter of claim 1 wherein the millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation is in the frequency range of 28 GHz-280 GHz.
3. The melter of claim 1 wherein the waveguide is corrugated.
4. The melter of claim 1 further including a gyrotron to generate the millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation, the gyrotron configured to introduce the electromagnetic radiation into the waveguide structure.
5. The melter of claim 1 wherein the angle of incidence of the radiation on the material is in the range of 0 and 70°.
6. The melter of claim 1 wherein the structure for introducing waste material also introduces glass frit into the vessel.
7. The melter of claim 1 further including Joule heating structure.
8. The melter of claim 1 further including inductive heating structure.
9. The melter of claim 1 further including microwave heating structure configured to operate at a frequency less than 10 GHz.
10. The melter of claim 1 wherein the melter is operable in a batch or continuous mode.
11. The melter of claim 1 further including a drain system to convey molten material into containers.
12. The melter of claim 1 , wherein the vessel is configured as the final storage container for the waste material.
13. The melter of claim 1 wherein the device is configured to impinge on the waste material a radiation having an intensity in the range of 0.1 and 10 Kw/cm2.
14. The melter of claim 13 further including feedback means for controlling the intensity of the radiation based on measurements of selected process parameters.
15. The melter of claim 14 wherein one of the selected parameters is temperature.
16. A directed energy melter or vitrification of waste material comprising:
a vessel;
structure for introducing waste material into the vessel; and
waveguide structure for introducing millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation into the vessel to heat the waste material,
wherein the vessel rotates and translates.