Instrument and process for nanoparticles production in continuous flow mode
A continuous flow system for the synthesis of nanoparticles includes a feeding unit connected to the first reactor a flow path, at least one first reactor unit possessing a heatable reactor-zone, a second reactor unit which follows the first reactor in the same cascade; a mixing unit and a second feeding unit between the reactor units, and feeding pumps connected to a raw material source and/or a control unit which is capable of controlling at least one pressure controller and/or controlling the temperature of at least one heatable reactor-zone; each heatable reactor-zone is followed by a cooling unit in the cascade. In addition, a process for the synthesis of nanoparticles, preferably metal-containing nanoparticles, and nanoparticles of biologically active organic molecules wherein the process is accomplished using the system.
1. A continuous flow device ( 50 ) for executing a process of preparation of nanostructures, the device ( 50 ) comprising:
a first feeding unit ( 1 a ) with a first feed pump ( 9 ) connected to a first raw material source ( 7 );
a second feeding unit ( 1 b ) with a second feed pump ( 10 ) connected to a second raw material source ( 8 );
a first reactor unit ( 2 ) with a first reactor-zone unit ( 13 ) configured to receive material from the first feeding unit to heat to a given first temperature value and to feed into a first cooling unit ( 14 ) comprising a first countercurrent heat-exchanger configured to provide an enhanced rate of heat exchange to decrease particle size of nanostructures being prepared by the device;
a mixing unit ( 5 ) configured to receive an output from the first cooling unit ( 14 ) and second raw material from the second feeding unit ( 1 b );
a second reactor unit ( 3 ) with a second reactor-zone unit ( 15 ) configured to receive output from the mixing unit ( 5 ) and to be heated to a given second temperature value to feed into a second cooling unit ( 16 ) comprising a second countercurrent heat-exchanger configured to provide an enhanced rate of heat exchange to decrease particle size of nanostructures being prepared by the device;
at least one pressure controller ( 18 ) arranged in a flow path defined by the first reactor unit ( 2 ) and the second reactor unit ( 3 ) and configured to set a pressure value in the flow path;
a control unit ( 22 ) configured to control at least one of the pressure value set by the pressure controller ( 18 ), the given first temperature value, and the given second temperature value;
wherein the respective cooling units ( 14 , 16 ) are configured to terminate the process of preparation of nanostructures.
2. The device according to claim 1 further comprising a final product analyzer unit ( 4 ) comprising a dynamic light scattering analyzer operatively connected to the first cooling unit ( 14 ) and the second cooling unit ( 16 ) to continuously monitor and determine particle size and particle size distribution of the nanostructures being prepared and to adjust the first cooling unit ( 14 ) and the second cooling unit ( 16 ) in response to determined properties of the nanostructures, the analyzer unit ( 4 ) being connected to the flow path after the second reactor unit ( 3 ).
3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure controller ( 18 ) is inserted into the flow path between the second reactor unit ( 3 ) and the analyzer unit ( 4 ) to maintain a constant pressure value along the flow path.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device ( 50 ) is configured to output nanostructures comprising nanoparticles with at least one constituent.
5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device ( 50 ) is configured to output nanostructures comprising nanoparticles with at least one constituent comprises one of a metal or biologically active organic molecules.
6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device ( 50 ) is configured to output nanostructures comprising core-shell type nanoparticles.
7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device ( 50 ) is configured to output nanostructures chosen from the group of consisting of: nanoemulsions and colloidal solution with at least one constituent comprising a metal or biologically active organic molecules.
8. The device according to claim 7 , wherein biologically active organic molecules comprise active pharmaceutical ingredients.
9. A method of preparing nanostructures, the method comprising:
feeding a first raw material from a first raw material source ( 7 ) to a first reactor unit ( 2 );
a first reactor-zone ( 13 ) of the first reactor unit ( 2 ) heating the first raw material to a given first temperature value;
feeding an output of the first reactor zone ( 2 ) to a first cooling unit ( 14 ) comprising a first countercurrent heat-exchanger to provide an enhanced rate of heat exchange to decrease particle size of nanostructures being prepared;
mixing output from the first cooling unit ( 14 ) with second raw material from a second feeding unit ( 1 b ) using a mixing unit ( 5 );
feeding output from the mixing unit ( 5 ) to a second reactor unit ( 3 );
a second reactor-zone ( 15 ) of the second reactor unit ( 3 ) heating the output from the mixing unit ( 5 ) to a given second temperature value;
feeding an output of the second reactor zone ( 3 ) to a second cooling unit ( 14 ) comprising a second countercurrent heat-exchanger to provide an enhanced rate of heat exchange to decrease particle size of nanostructures being prepared;
controlling pressure in the first reactor unit ( 2 ) and the second reactor unit ( 3 ) to a given pressure value;
controlling temperature in the first reactor zone ( 13 ) and in the second reactor zone ( 15 ).
10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:
analyzing an output of the second reactor unit ( 3 ) with a dynamic light scattering analyzer to continuously monitor and determine particle size and particle size distribution of the output of the second reactor unit ( 3 );
adjusting the first cooling unit ( 14 ) and the second cooling unit ( 16 ) in response to determined properties of output of the second reactor unit ( 3 ).
11. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising outputting from the second cooling unit ( 14 ) core-shell type nanoparticles.
12. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising outputting from the second cooling unit ( 14 ) nanoparticles of biologically active organic molecules.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein outputting from the second cooling unit ( 14 ) nanoparticles of biologically active organic molecules comprises outputting nanoparticles of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
14. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising outputting from the second cooling unit ( 14 ) nanostructures chosen from the group consisting of: nanoemulsions and colloidal solution with at least one constituent, preferably a metal or biologically active organic molecules.