Method of producing transparent ceramics
The method of making a transparent ceramic includes making a molded body from a powder mixture of starting materials, which include one or more sintering aids. The sintering aids can include SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and/or fluorides. The transparent ceramic is made by pre-sintering the molded body at temperatures between 500° C. to 900° C., subsequently sintering in vacuum at temperatures between 1400° C. and 1900° C. and then pressurizing the sintered molded body at a pressure of from 10 to 198 MPa followed by annealing. The optoceramic material contains crystals with a stoichiometry of A 2+X B Y B Y D Z E 7 , wherein −1.15≦x≦+1.1, 0≦y≦3, 0≦z≦1.6 and 3x+4y+5z=8; and wherein A is a trivalent rare earth cation, B is a tetravalent cation, D is a pentavalent cation and E is a divalent anion.
1. A method of producing an optoceramic material, said method comprising the step of manufacturing a molded body from a powder mixture of starting materials, wherein said starting materials include at least one sintering aid selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and fluorides;
wherein the optoceramic material produced by said method comprises at least 99% by weight of single crystals with a cubic crystal structure analogous to that of pyrochlore or fluorite and with a stoichiometry of A 2+x B y D z E 7 , wherein −1.15≦X≦+1.1, 0 ≦Y≦3, 0≦Z≦1.6 and 3X+4Y+5Z=8;
wherein A is at least one trivalent rare earth cation, B is at least one tetravalent cation, D is at least one pentavalent cation and E is at least one divalent anion;
wherein the optoceramic material produced by the method has an average grain size in a range from 5 to 300 μm and is very densely sintered; and
wherein a sample of the optoceramic material that has a thickness of 5 mm has an internal transmittance that is at least 50% at a wavelength of 400 nm and at least 60% at a wavelength of 600 nm.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Y, Gd, Yb, Lu, Sc, La and mixtures of these elements.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Hf, Sn, Ge and mixtures of these elements.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of pre-sintering the molded body to form a pre-sintered molded body.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the pre-sintering takes place at temperatures between 500° C. and 900° C.
6. The method as defined in claim 4 , further comprising the step of sintering of the pre-sintered molded body in vacuum.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the sintering takes place at temperatures between 1400° C. 1900° C.
8. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising pressurizing the sintered molded body formed by the sintering.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the pressurizing of the sintered molded body takes place at temperatures between 1400° C. and 2000° C. and at pressures between 10 and 198 MPa.
10. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising annealing the sintered molded body at temperatures between 600 and 1600° C. in an atmosphere that comprises oxygen after the pressurizing.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said starting materials comprise from 0.01 to 3% by weight of said at least one sintering aid.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said starting materials comprise from 0.01 to 10% by weight of said at least one sintering aid.
13. A method of producing an optoceramic material, said method comprising the step of manufacturing a molded body from a powder mixture of starting materials, wherein said starting materials include an effective amount of at least one sintering aid that improves optical properties of said optoceramic material produced by the method;
wherein said at least one sintering aid is selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and fluorides; and
wherein the optoceramic material produced by said method comprises at least 99% by weight of crystals with a cubic crystal structure analogous to that of pyrochiore or fluorite and with a stoichiometry of A 2+x B y D z E 7 , wherein −1.15≦X≦+1.1, 0≦Y≦3, 0≦Z≦1.6 and 3X+4Y+5Z=8;
wherein A is at least one trivalent rare earth cation, B is at least one tetravalent cation, D is at least one pentavalent cation and E is at least one divalent anion;
wherein the optoceramic material produced by the method has an average grain size in a range from 5 to 300 μm and is very densely sintered; and
wherein a sample of the optoceramic material that has a thickness of 5 mm has an internal transmittance that is at least 50% at a wavelength of 400 nm and at least 60% at a wavelength of 600 nm.