Particle-containing membrane and particulate electrode for analyte sensors
Systems and methods of use involving sensors having a particle-containing domain are provided for continuous analyte measurement in a host. In some embodiments, a continuous analyte measurement system is configured to be wholly, transcutaneously, intravascularly or extracorporeally implanted.
1. A sensor system for measurement of a species in a host, the sensor system comprising:
an electrode configured for implantation in a host, the electrode comprising an electroactive surface;
a membrane disposed over the electrode, the membrane comprising a particle-containing domain, wherein the particle-containing domain comprises a sensor element configured to measure a concentration of a first species, wherein the sensor element comprises a conductive component comprising a plurality of conductive particles; and
sensor electronics configured to generate a signal associated with a concentration of the species in the host.
2. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the membrane further comprises an enzyme-containing domain located adjacent to the particle-containing domain.
3. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the membrane further comprises an oxygen permeable domain located between the electroactive surface and the particle-containing domain.
4. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive surface is configured for generating oxygen.
5. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain is a first sensor element configured to measure a concentration of a first species, and wherein the electrode is a second sensor element configured to measure a concentration of a second species.
6. The sensor system of claim 5 , wherein the first species and the second species each comprise at least one of an analyte or a drug.
7. The sensor system of claim 5 , wherein the particle-containing domain substantially reduces flow therethrough of at least one of the first species or the second species.
8. The sensor system of claim 5 , wherein the sensor electronics are configured to apply a first bias potential to the first sensor element and to apply a second bias potential to the second sensor element, and wherein the first bias potential and the second bias potential are different.
9. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain comprises a conductive particle concentration that is sufficient for the particle-containing domain to function as a conductive film.
10. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain comprises hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
11. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain comprises polyurethane.
12. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain is powered.
13. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain has an oxygen diffusion coefficient greater than about 1×10 −11 m 2 /s.
14. The sensor system of claim 13 , wherein the particle-containing domain has an oxygen diffusion coefficient greater than about 1×10 −15 m 2 /s in vivo.
15. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain has a glucose diffusion coefficient greater than about 1×10 −10 m 2 /s in vivo.
16. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles comprises platinum.
17. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the particle-containing domain is formed of a conductive film.
18. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is configured to measure a second species, wherein the first species and the second species comprise an analyte.
19. The sensor system of claim 18 , wherein the analyte is glucose.