Glass with compressive surface for consumer applications
A strengthened glass that does not exhibit frangible behavior when subjected to impact or contact forces, and a method of strengthening a glass. The glass may be strengthened by subjecting it to multiple, successive, ion exchange treatments. The multiple ion exchange treatments provide a local compressive stress maximum at a depth of the strengthened layer and a second local maximum at or near (e.g., within 10 μm) the surface of the glass.
1. A method of strengthening a glass, the method comprising the steps of:
a. providing the glass, the glass having a surface; and
b. successively immersing at least a portion of the glass in a plurality of ion exchange baths, the ion exchange baths comprising a first ion exchange bath, the first ion exchange bath comprising a first metal, and a second ion exchange bath, the second ion exchange bath comprising a metal that is different from the first metal, to create a compressive stress in an outer region to strengthen the glass, the outer region extending from the surface to a depth of layer, wherein the compressive stress creates an integrated central tension of less than or equal to about 3.2 MPa·cm in a central tensile region of the glass, wherein each of the plurality of ion exchange baths are at a temperature in a range from about 410° C. to about 430° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth of layer is at least 50 μm.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compressive stress is at least about 200 MPa.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass has a liquidus viscosity of at least 130 kilopoise.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass is one of a planar sheet and a three-dimensional curved sheet.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the glass is one of a cover plate and a display window in an electronic device.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the successive ion exchange baths have compositions that are different from each other.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising annealing the glass between successive immersions of the glass in the plurality of ion exchange baths.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first metal and second metal are alkali metals.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of ion exchange baths comprises at least one alkali metal salt.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass is an alkali aluminosilicate glass.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the alkali aluminosilicate glass comprises: 60-70 mol % SiO 2 ; 6-14 mol % Al 2 O 3 ; 0-15 mol % B 2 O 3 ; 0-15 mol % Li 2 O; 0-20 mol % Na 2 O; 0-10 mol % K 2 O; 0-8 mol % MgO; 0-10 mol % CaO; 0-5 mol % ZrO 2 ; 0-1 mol % SnO 2 ; 0-1 mol % CeO 2 ; less than 50 ppm As 2 O 3 ; and less than 50 ppm Sb 2 O 3 ; wherein 12 mol %≦Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O≦20 mol % and 0 mol %≦MgO+CaO≦10 mol %.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass, when strengthened, is substantially free of frangible behavior.