Lithium secondary battery
A lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes: a positive electrode having a positive-electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions; a negative electrode having a negative-electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte having lithium-ion conductivity. The positive-electrode active material contains a nickel-type lithium-containing complex oxide. The negative-electrode active material contains a graphite-type material having a reversible capacity of 350 mAh/g or more and an irreversible capacity of 30 mAh/g or less. A ratio Qc/Qa between an irreversible capacity Qc per unit area in a portion of the positive electrode that opposes the negative electrode and an irreversible capacity Qa per unit area in a portion of the negative electrode that opposes the positive electrode is equal to or greater than 0.50 but less than 1. As a result, the charge-discharge cycle characteristics can be improved while ensuring a high capacity.
1. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode having a positive-electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a negative electrode having a negative-electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte having lithium-ion conductivity, wherein,
the positive-electrode active material contains a lithium-containing nickel complex oxide;
the negative-electrode active material contains a graphite material having a reversible capacity of 350 mAh/g or more and an irreversible capacity of 30 mAh/g or less; and
a ratio Qc/Qa between an irreversible capacity Qc per unit area in a portion of the positive electrode that opposes the negative electrode and an irreversible capacity Qa per unit area in a portion of the negative electrode that opposes the positive electrode satisfies 0.5≦Qc/Qa<1.
2. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a ratio Wc/Wa between a weight Wc per unit area of the positive-electrode active material in the portion of the positive electrode that opposes the negative electrode and a weight Wa per unit area of the negative-electrode active material in the portion of the negative electrode that opposes the positive electrode is greater than 0.95 but less than 2.25.
3. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium-containing nickel complex oxide has a composition expressed as Li a Ni 1−(b+c) Co b M c O 2 (where 1.0≦a≦1.05; 0.1≦b≦0.35; 0.005≦c≦0.30; and M is at least one kind selected from Al, Sr, and Ca).
4. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein,
the lithium secondary battery has a discharge end voltage of no less than 2.5 V and no more than 3.0 V; and
a discharge end potential of the positive electrode is no less than 2.7 V and no more than 3.4 V on a lithium metal basis.
5. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein,
the lithium secondary battery has a charge end voltage of no less than 4.2 V and no more than 4.3 V; and
the positive electrode has a charge end potential of no less than 4.3 V and no more than 4.4 V on a lithium metal basis.
6. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the negative-electrode active material contains lithium titanate.
7. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6 , wherein a ratio Wg/Wt of a weight Wt of lithium titanate to a weight Wg of the graphite material in the negative-electrode active material is no less than 3 and no more than 100.
8. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the ratio Qc/Qa is greater than 0.75.
9. An electronic device comprising the lithium secondary battery of claim 1 .
10. A vehicle comprising the lithium secondary battery of claim 1 .
11. A battery pack comprising the lithium secondary battery of claim 1 .
12. A battery module comprising the lithium secondary battery of claim 1 .