Sponge-iron alloying
A steel manufacturing process can include forming an iron oxide layer on a hot band during hot rolling; reducing the iron oxide layer on the hot band to form a sponge iron layer that includes pores; the sponge-iron layer having a thickness in a range of about 0.05 μm to about 1000 μm, about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm, or about 5 μm to about 25 μm; and depositing an alloying element into the pores of the sponge iron layer to form an impregnated sponge-iron layer. The process can further include annealing the impregnated sponge-iron layer to produce an iron alloy layer carried by the substrate.
1. A steel manufacturing process comprising:
forming an oxide layer on a steel substrate during hot rolling;
reducing the iron oxide layer on the steel substrate to a sponge iron layer that includes pores; and
depositing an alloying element selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum into the pores of the sponge iron layer to form an impregnated sponge-iron layer.
2. The steel manufacturing process of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a second alloying element into the pores of the sponge-iron layer to the impregnated sponge-iron layer carried by the substrate.
3. The steel manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the steel substrate comprises iron or an iron alloy.
4. The steel manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein reducing the iron oxide layer comprises contacting the iron oxide layer on the steel substrate with a reducing gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen (H 2 ); hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO); hydrogen (H 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ); and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
5. The steel manufacturing process of claim 1 , further comprising heating the impregnated sponge-iron layer to an annealing temperature and forming an iron alloy layer.
6. The steel manufacturing process of claim 1 further comprising depositing a plurality of alloying elements into the pores of the sponge iron layer.
7. The steel manufacturing process of claim 1 further comprising:
annealing the impregnated sponge-iron layer.
8. The steel manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein reducing the iron oxide layer comprises:
exposing the iron oxide layer to a reducing atmosphere; and
reducing the iron oxide in the iron oxide layer to iron(0).
9. A steel manufacturing process comprising:
forming an oxide layer on a steel substrate during hot rolling;
reducing the iron oxide layer on the steel substrate to a sponge iron layer that includes pores; and
depositing an alloying element into the pores of the sponge iron layer to form an impregnated sponge-iron layer; and
hot rolling the impregnated sponge-iron layer.
10. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 , wherein the alloying element is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, strontium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, antimony, tantalum, and a mixture thereof.
11. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 , further comprising depositing a second alloying element into the pores of the sponge-iron layer to the impregnated sponge-iron layer carried by the substrate.
12. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 , wherein the steel substrate comprises iron or an iron alloy.
13. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 , wherein reducing the iron oxide layer comprises contacting the iron oxide layer on the steel substrate with a reducing gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen (H 2 ); hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO); hydrogen (H 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ); and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
14. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 , further comprising heating the impregnated sponge-iron layer to an annealing temperature and forming an iron alloy layer.
15. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 further comprising depositing a plurality of alloying elements into the pores of the sponge iron layer.
16. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 further comprising:
annealing the impregnated sponge-iron layer.
17. The steel manufacturing process of claim 9 , wherein reducing the iron oxide layer comprises:
exposing the iron oxide layer to a reducing atmosphere; and
reducing iron oxide in the iron oxide layer to iron(0).