Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus is provided, which is capable of reducing SAR while maintaining S/N ratio and image contrast in a GrE-type pulse sequence, regardless of whether a synchronous imaging is performed or not. The present invention controls a flip angle as to each measurement set 409 that is obtained by division according to the size of phase encoding and a body motion cycle of a subject in the GrE-type pulse sequence. In a set 501 which measures echoes with phase encoding having a minimum absolute value, the flip angle is maximized as to the RF pulse having a minimum phase encoding amount and at least one RF pulse irradiated immediately before. As for the other RF pulses, the flip angle varies within a range less than the maximum, irrespective of the non-imaging mode, the imaging mode, or the size of phase encoding.
1. A nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising,
a static magnetic field a application part for applying a static magnetic field to a subject,
a gradient magnetic field application part for applying a gradient magnetic field to the subject,
a radio frequency pulse irradiator for irradiating the subject with a radio frequency pulse,
a detector for detecting a nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the subject, and
a controller for controlling the radio frequency pulse irradiator, the gradient magnetic field application part, and the detector, to execute an imaging pulse sequence being predetermined, wherein,
the controller executes one or more sequence groups, as the imaging pulse sequence, including irradiation of multiple radio frequency pulses and application of multiple gradient magnetic fields for providing multiple types of phase encoding amount, and sets a flip angle to the radio frequency pulse as to each of the one or more sequence groups,
two or more sequence groups are provided, and the controller sets a maximum value flip angle to the sequence group which executes the phase encoding of an amount having a minimum absolute value, among the two or more sequence groups, and sets a value smaller than the maximum value as the flip angle to the other sequence group,
the controller calculates a specific absorption rate of the imaging pulse sequence as a whole, and determines a value of the flip angle to be set to the other sequence group so that the specific absorption rate being obtained becomes equal to or less than a predetermined safety level value.
2. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein,
the sequence group comprises; a non-imaging mode which includes irradiation of the radio frequency pulse, not accompanied by a detection of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, and an imaging mode which includes irradiation of the radio frequency pulse, accompanied by the detection of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal.
3. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein,
the controller sets a substantially constant value as the flip angle to the radio frequency pulses more than one, as to each of the sequence groups.
4. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein,
the controller executes alternately in time series, the sequence group to which the flip angle being the maximum value is set and the sequence group to which a value smaller than the maximum value is set.
5. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein,
the controller changes the flip angle sequentially in units of sequence group, for two or more sequence groups which are executed in time series.
6. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein,
the flip angle set by the controller, being substantially constant, has an error within 10%.
7. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein,
the sequence group includes measurement of multiple time phases.
8. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein,
in the other sequence group in which the flip angle is set to be a value smaller than the maximum value, the controller sets the same size flip angle to the radio frequency pulse to which the same size phase encoding is applied for exciting the nuclear magnetic resonance signal.
9. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein,
the controller configures a value of the flip angle to be set to the other sequence group, in such a manner that the flip angle of the radio frequency pulse varies sequentially, the pulse being irradiated for detecting the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, in the case where the nuclear magnetic resonance signals being measured are arranged in accordance with the size of the phase encoding.
10. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising an image reconstruction part for reconstructing an image from the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, wherein,
the image reconstruction part corrects intensity of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal detected by the radio frequency pulse having a flip angle smaller than the maximum value, according to the flip angle at which the irradiation is performed.
11. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising an image reconstruction part for reconstructing an image from nuclear magnetic resonance signal, wherein,
the image reconstruction part corrects intensity of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal detected by the radio frequency pulse having the flip angle smaller than the maximum value, to agree with the intensity of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal detected by the radio frequency pulse having the flip angle which is the maximum value.
12. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein,
the sequence group is divided into two or more, according to a cycle of body motion of the subject.
13. A nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising,
a static magnetic field application part for applying a static magnetic field to a subject,
a gradient magnetic field application part for applying a gradient magnetic field to the subject,
a radio frequency pulse irradiator for irradiating the subject with a radio frequency pulse,
a detector for detecting a nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the subject, and
a controller for controlling the radio frequency pulse irradiator, the gradient magnetic field application part, and the detector, to execute an imaging pulse sequence being predetermined, wherein,
the controller executes one or more sequence groups, as the imaging pulse sequence, including irradiation of multiple radio frequency pulses and application of multiple gradient magnetic fields for providing multiple types of phase encoding amount, and sets a flip angle to the radio frequency pulse as to each of the one or more sequence groups,
two or more sequence groups are provided, and the controller sets a maximum value as the flip angle to the sequence group which executes the phase encoding of an amount having a minimum absolute value, among the two or more sequence groups, and sets a value smaller than the maximum value as the flip angle to the other sequence group,
the controller sets a maximum flip angle to the radio frequency pulse within a repetition time for performing the phase encoding having a minimum absolute value and to at least one radio frequency pulse immediately before, among the radio frequency pulses more than one included in the sequence group having the minimum absolute value of the phase encoding amount, whereas the flip angle having a value smaller than the maximum value is set to the other radio frequency pulse.
14. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein,
when the phase encoding in the sequence group including the phase encoding of the amount having a minimum absolute value is changed in time series from a negative minimum value to a positive maximum value, the controller sets a maximum value to an associated flip angle while the phase encoding is changed from the negative minimum value to a minimum absolute value, whereas the controller decreases the associated flip angle gradually, while the phase encoding is changed from the minimum absolute value to the positive maximum value.
15. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein,
when the phase encoding in the sequence group including the phase encoding of the amount having a minimum absolute value is changed in time series from the minimum absolute value to a maximum absolute value, the controller sets a maximum value to the flip angle associated with the phase encoding having the minimum absolute value, and in the subsequent stage, the controller decreases the flip angle gradually.
16. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein,
when the phase encoding in the sequence group including the phase encoding of the amount having a minimum absolute value is changed in time series from a maximum absolute value to the minimum absolute value, the controller gradually increases the flip angle in time series from when the phase encoding is the maximum absolute value, and sets a maximum value to the flip angle associated with the phase encoding having the minimum absolute value and to the flip angle associated with predetermined number of phase encoding before the phase encoding having the minimum absolute value.