Methods for reducing oxidative damage
The invention provides a method for reducing oxidative damage in a mammal, a removed organ, or a cell in need thereof. The method comprises administering an effective amount of an aromatic cationic peptide. The aromatic cationic peptide has (a) at least one net positive charge; (b) a minimum of three amino acids; (c) a maximum of about twenty amino acids, (d) a relationship between the minimum number of net positive charges (p m ) and the total number of amino acid residues (r) wherein 3 p m is the largest number that is less than or equal to r+1; (e) a relationship between the minimum number of aromatic groups (a) and the total number of net positive charges (p t ) wherein 3a or 2a is the largest number that is less than or equal to p t +1, except that when a is 1, p t may also be 1; and (f) at least one tyrosine or tryptophan amino acid.
1. A method for reducing loss of dopamine-producing neurons in a mammal having or suspected of having Parkinson's disease, the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a peptide having the formula D-Arg-2′6′Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 .
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mammal is a human.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, intranasally, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracerebroventricularly, intrathecally, or transdermally.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
5. A method for reducing motor neuron loss caused by or resulting from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a mammal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a peptide having the formula D-Arg-2′6′Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 .
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the mammal is a human.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, intranasally, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracerebroventricularly, intrathecally, or transdermally.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the peptide is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.