Adsorption-enhanced compressed air energy storage
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, an energy storage device is presented. The energy storage device includes a porous material that adsorbs air and a compressor. The compressor converts mechanical energy into pressurized air and heat, and the pressurized air is cooled and adsorbed by the porous material. The energy storage device also includes a tank used to store the pressurized and adsorbed air and a motor. The motor is driven to recover the energy stored as compressed and adsorbed air by allowing the air to desorb and expand while driving the motor.
1. An energy storage device that is chargeable and dischargeable, the device comprising:
a porous material that adsorbs air;
a pressure chamber containing the porous material;
a compressor coupled to the pressure chamber, wherein the compressor provides compressed air to the pressure chamber where the compressed air is adsorbed by the porous material; and
a motor driven by expansion of the compressed air produced by the desorption of air from the porous material, wherein the motor recovers stored energy in mechanical form.
2. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the porous material includes zeolite, a mesoporous organosilicate, or a metal-organic framework.
3. The energy storage device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a valve coupled to the pressure chamber, wherein the valve:
regulates the flow of air into the pressure chamber, during charging of the energy storage device, such that pressure of the compressed air contained therein is kept substantially constant, and
allows air to escape from the pressure chamber, during discharging of the energy storage device, at a rate such that the pressure of the compressed air contained therein is kept substantially constant.
4. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein:
temperature of the porous material reaches a minimum value over the storage cycle when an amount of energy stored as adsorbed air is maximized; and
the temperature of the porous material reaches a maximum value over the storage cycle when the amount of energy stored as adsorbed air is minimized.
5. The energy storage device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a thermal energy storage system, for storing the heat taken from the porous material while cooling the porous material, or taken from the compressed air prior to absorption by the porous material.
6. The energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the thermal energy storage system stores the heat in sensible form.
7. The energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the thermal energy storage system stores the heat in latent form.
8. The energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the stored heat is upgraded to a higher temperature using a plurality of heat pumps, to facilitate transfer of the heat to the thermal energy storage system.
9. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the motor is a mixer/ejector air turbine comprising:
a duct for directing a stream of ambient air into the air turbine;
an annulus of static blades, provided downstream from the duct;
an ejector provided downstream from the annulus;
a mixer provided downstream from the ejector;
a rotor, comprising a plurality of rotating blades, provided downstream from the duct, for converting the energy in the compressed air into mechanical form;
wherein the stream of air entering the air turbine through the duct has been heated;
wherein a stream of air entering the air turbine through the ejector cools as the stream of air expands within the mixer;
wherein the heat in the air entering the mixer cancels the cold produced by the expanding stream such that resulting combined vortex is near or above ambient temperature.
10. A method for charging and discharging an energy storage device, the method comprising:
charging the energy storage device by:
providing compressed air to a porous material contained in a pressure chamber, wherein the compressed air is adsorbed by the porous material; and
discharging the energy storage device by:
recovering the compressed air by desorbing the compressed air from the porous material;
converting the energy in the compressed air to mechanical form by driving a motor while the compressed air expands;
recovering energy stored in mechanical form as the compressed and adsorbed air.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
charging the energy storage device further comprises:
providing air into the pressure chamber at a rate such that pressure of the compressed air contained therein is kept substantially constant; and
discharging the energy storage device further comprises:
allowing air to escape from the pressure chamber at a rate such that the pressure of the compressed air contained therein is kept substantially constant.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
temperature of the porous material reaches a minimum value over the storage cycle when an amount of energy stored as adsorbed air is maximized; and
the temperature of the porous material reaches a maximum value over the storage cycle when the amount of energy stored as adsorbed air is minimized.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
storing heat in sensible form or in latent form using a thermal energy storage system.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
supplying heat to the thermal energy storage system from a waste heat recovery plant, a thermal energy harvesting plant, or a solar thermal collector, to make up for thermal losses while the energy storage device is charged; and
supplying heat to the porous material from a waste heat recovery plant, a thermal energy harvesting plant, or a solar thermal collector, to make up for thermal losses while the energy storage device is discharged.