Apparatuses, systems and methods for efficient solubilization of carbon dioxide in water using high energy impact
A method for the efficient solubilization of carbon dioxide in water through the use of high energy impacts is disclosed. The method can optionally includes mixing the carbon dioxide and water to form an annular dispersed flow, accelerating the carbon dioxide and water prior to the collision; providing a retention network to collect the carbonated water flow. Also disclosed are systems and apparatuses for practicing the disclosed methods.
1. A method for solubilizing carbon dioxide in water comprising:
injecting water and carbon dioxide into a chamber;
mixing the carbon dioxide and water to create an annular-dispersed flow in the chamber having a flow rate of between 0.1 and 3.7 gallons per minute;
accelerating the annular-dispersed flow of carbon dioxide and water to a velocity of at least 0.05 in/is by flowing the flow through a restriction, wherein the ratio of the radius of the chamber to the radius of the restriction is less than 20;
directing the accelerated flow of carbon dioxide and water to collide with a rigid surface, thereby creating a pressure sufficient to solubilize the carbon dioxide into the water; and
collecting the solubilized carbon dioxide and water mixture.
2. The method of claim 1 where the water is injected at a pressure more than 10 psi.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein mixing the carbon dioxide and water comprises mixing the carbon dioxide and water with directional mixing elements within the chamber.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein mixing the carbon dioxide and water comprises mixing the carbon dioxide and water with helical mixing elements within the chamber.
5. The method of claim 1 where flowing the flow through a restriction comprises flowing the flow through a Venturi tube.
6. The method of claim 1 where flowing the flow through a restriction comprises flowing the flow through an hourglass shaped nozzle.
7. The method of claim 1 where the collection of the solubilized carbon dioxide and water mixture comprises running the mixture through a flow path having mixing elements.
8. The method of claim 1 where directing the accelerated flow of carbon dioxide and water to collide with a rigid surface comprises generating a pressure energy density of between −40 and 0.5 foot-lb/cm^3 at the collision site.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the accelerated flow of carbon dioxide and water to collide with a rigid surface comprises directing the accelerated flow of carbon dioxide and water to collide with a rigid surface located in the range of about 0.1 to 2.0 inches from the restriction.
10. The method claim 9 , wherein the water is injected at a pressure in the range of 20-240 psi, and the collision between the flow of carbon dioxide and water and the rigid surface creates an energy density in the range of 0.10 to 1.22 foot-lb/cm^3.
11. The method claim 9 , wherein the an annular-dispersed flow has a flow rate of between 0.1 and 1.5 gallons per minute, and the collision between the flow of carbon dioxide and water and the rigid surface creates an energy density in the range of 0.5 to -10 foot-lb/cm^3.
12. The method claim 9 , wherein the carbon dioxide is injected with a pressure in the range of 45-125 psi.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein creating an annular-dispersed flow comprises creating a flow in which a carbon dioxide core containing dispersed water droplets is surrounded by a relatively thin layer of water disposed along a wall of the chamber.