Process for treating underground formations
A process for disrupting filter cake in an underground formation, which process comprises: (i) incorporating into a treatment fluid a solid polymer capable of being converted by hydrolysis into one or more organic acids; (ii) introducing the treatment fluid into the underground formation; and (iii) allowing the solid polymer to hydrolyse in the presence of water to produce organic acid such that acid soluble material within the filter cake or adjacent formation is dissolved.
1. A process for disrupting filter cake in an underground formation, which process comprises:
(i) dispersing in a treatment fluid particles consisting of a solid polymer capable of being converted by hydrolysis into one or more organic acids and incorporating into the treatment fluid one or more soluble polymer breakers, wherein said one or more soluble polymer breakers are selected from the group consisting of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes, persulphates, perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates, hypochlorites and persilicates; then
(ii) introducing the treatment fluid into said underground formation containing said filter cake; and
(iii) allowing the solid polymer to hydrolyze in the presence of water to produce organic acid such that acid soluble material within the filter cake or adjacent formation is dissolved, and allowing the one or more soluble polymer breakers to degrade polymeric material that is present within the filter cake.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the solid polymer is a polyester.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the solid polymer is an aliphatic polyester.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the solid polymer is a polymer which comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, glycolic acid, glycolide, caprolactone and other hydroxy, carboxylic acid and hydroxy-carboxylic acid compounds which may condense with a compound selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, glycolic acid, glycolide and caprolactone.
5. A process according claim 1 wherein hydrolysis of the solid polymer produces a compound selected from the group consisting of lactic acid and glycolic acid.
6. A process according claim 1 wherein the solid polymer is a solid polymer selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid.
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein the solid polymer is used in a form selected from the group consisting of a sphere, cylinder, cuboid, fiber, powder and bead.
8. A process according to claim 1 which further comprises incorporating a buffer into the treatment fluid.
9. A process according to claim 1 wherein the one or more soluble polymer breakers is a polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme.
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein the polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes are selected from enzymes which can hydrolyze a polymer selected from the list consisting of starch, xanthan, cellulose, guar, scleroglucan, succinoglycan and a derivative of any one of these polymers.
11. A process according to claim 1 wherein the one or more soluble polymer breakers are selected from the group consisting of persulphate, hypochlorite, perborate, percarbonate, perphosphate, and persilicate.
12. A process according to claim 1 wherein the one or more polymer breakers are in the form of a delayed release preparation.
13. A process according to claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid is a gravel packing fluid which comprises one or more solid polymers and one or more polymer breakers.
14. A process according to claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid disrupts or degrades at least a portion of the filter cake and increases the permeability of the formation.
15. A process according to claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the solid polymer remains in the underground formation and continuously releases organic acid and a production chemical during hydrocarbon production or water injection until the solid polymer has completely hydrolyzed.
16. A process according to claim 1 wherein the underground formation contains hydrocarbon or water and wherein the process further comprises recovering a hydrocarbon or water from the treated formation.
17. A process according to claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid containing the solid polymer is introduced into the formation via a well bore which extends to the formation.
18. A process according to claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid further comprises an acid sensitive viscosifying agent and wherein the viscosity of the fluid is reduced by the acid generated by hydrolysis of the solid polymer.
19. A process according to claim 18 wherein the viscosifying agent is borate crosslinked guar gum.
20. A process according to claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid further comprises calcium peroxide and wherein the organic acid produced by hydrolysis of the solid polymer leads to the generation of hydrogen peroxide.
21. A process according to claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid further comprises ammonium bifluoride and wherein the organic acid produced by hydrolysis of the solid polymer leads to the generation of hydrogen fluoride.
22. A process according to claim 1 wherein the solid polymer is a polymer which comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, glycolic acid, glycolide and caprolactone.
23. A process according to claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid is a gravel packing fluid which comprises one or more solid polymers.