Peptide based peroxidase inhibitors and methods of using same
The present invention provides peptide-based peroxidase inhibitors having the formula AA 1 -AA 2 -AA 3 , wherein AA1 is a positively charged, negatively charged or neutral amino acid, AA 2 is a redox active amino acid, and AA 3 is an amino acid possessing a reducing potential such that AA 3 is capable of undergoing a redox reaction with a radical of amino acid AA 2 or a retro or retro-inverso analog thereof. The result of such a combination is a highly effective inhibitor of peroxidase activity that has potent anti-inflammatory properties in widely diverse models of vascular disease and injury. Exemplary tripeptides effectively inhibit peroxidase mediated LDL oxidation, increase vasodilation in SCD mice, inhibit eosinophil infiltration and collagen deposition in asthma mice, inhibit acute lung injury, and decrease ischemic injury of the heart.
1. A method of inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a peptide-based myeloperoxidase inhibitor having the formula AA 1 -AA 2 -AA 3 , wherein AA 1 is a positively charged, negatively charged or neutral amino acid, AA 2 is a redox active amino acid, and AA 3 is an amino acid possessing a reducing potential such that AA 3 is capable of undergoing a redox reaction with a radical of amino acid AA 2 ; or a retro or retro-inverso analog thereof, wherein said method results in the promotion of angiogenesis in a tissue of the subject.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said method results in the promotion of angiogenesis impaired by persistent pulmonary hypertension, peripheral vascular disease or vascular disease in the myocardium in the subject.
3. A method of inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a peptide-based myeloperoxidase inhibitor having the formula AA 1 -AA 2 -AA 3 , wherein AA 1 is a positively charged, negatively charged or neutral amino acid, AA 2 is a redox active amino acid, and AA 3 is an amino acid possessing a reducing potential such that AA 3 is capable of undergoing a redox reaction with a radical of amino acid AA 2 ; or a retro or retro-inverso analog thereof, wherein said method results in the treatment of a disease or condition associated with abnormal, excessive blood vessel development in the subject.
4. A method of inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a peptide-based myeloperoxidase inhibitor having the formula AA 1 -AA 2 -AA 3 , wherein AA 1 is a positively charged, negatively charged or neutral amino acid, AA 2 is a redox active amino acid, and AA 3 is an amino acid possessing a reducing potential such that AA 3 is capable of undergoing a redox reaction with a radical of amino acid AA 2 ; or a retro or retro-inverso analog thereof, wherein said method results in a reduction in ischemic injury to the subject's heart.