Heteropoly acid promoted catalyst for SCR of NOx with ammonia
The present invention concerns the selective removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from gases. In particular, the invention concerns a process, a highly alkali metal resistant heteropoly acid promoted catalyst and the use of said catalyst for removal of NOx from exhaust or flue gases, said gases comprising alkali or earth alkali metals. Such gases comprise for example flue gases arising from the burning of biomass, combined biomass and fossil fuel, and from waste incineration units. The process comprises the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and nitrogen oxide (NO) with ammonia (NH 3 ) or a nitrogen containing compound selected from ammonium salts, urea or a urea derivative or a solution thereof as reductant.
1. A method of selectively removing nitrogen oxides from gases containing a significant amount of alkali metal and/or alkali earth compounds comprising exposing said gases to a heteropoly acid (HPA)-promoted catalyst comprising:
a support material having an isoelectric point around 7,
a catalytic active metal compound, and
HPA as a promoter,
in the presence of a nitrogen containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium salts, urea, a urea derivative and a solution of one or more of the foregoing.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the HPA has a Keggin structure.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the HPA is selected from the group consisting of TPA (H 3 PW 12 O 40 ), TSiA (H 4 SiW 12 O 40 ), MPA (H 3 PMo 12 O 40 ) and a mixture thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises 0.5-5% w/w of the catalytic active metal compound.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic active metal compound is selected from the group consisting of a vanadium compound, copper compound and an iron compound.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the support is impregnated with the vanadium compound, copper compound or the iron compound to achieve a final loading of 3% w/w of the catalytic active metal compound after calcination.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises 5-30% w/w of the support material.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the support material is TiO 2 .
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the catalytic active metal compound is vanadium.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the support material is ZrO 2 .
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the catalytic active metal compound is vanadium.
12. A method for providing a heteropoly acid promoted catalyst, comprising the steps of:
suspending a dried support material in an aqueous solution of an HPA of choice,
drying the suspension mixture at about 120° C. for about 12 hours, creating a support,
wet impregnating the support with a metal compound,
drying the impregnated catalyst at about 120° C. for about 12 hours followed by calcination at 400-600° C. for about 4 hours.
13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the HPA has a Keggin type structure 4 .
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the HPA is selected from the group consisting of TPA, TSiA, MPA and a mixture thereof.
15. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the support is impregnated with the metal compound to achieve a final loading of 0.5-5% w/w of the metal compound after calcination.
16. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the support is impregnated with the HPA to achieve a final loading of 5-30% w/w of the support material after calcination.
17. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the metal compound is selected from the group consisting of a vanadium compound, copper compound and an iron compound.
18. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the impregnation is carried out with a vanadium compound, copper compound or an iron compound to achieve a final loading of 3% w/w of the catalytic active metal compound after calcination.
19. A catalyst obtainable by the method according to claim 12 .
20. A process for the selective removal of nitrogen oxides with a nitrogen containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium salts, urea, a urea derivative, and a solution of one or more of the foregoing from gases resulting from the burning of biomass, combined biomass-fossil fuel, or emerging from stationary waste incineration units, which gases contain significant amounts of alkali metal and/or alkali earth compounds, which process comprises using a catalyst obtainable by the method according to claim 12 .
21. A process according to claim 20 for the selective removal of nitrogen oxides from gases at a temperature from about 200° C. to about 600° C.
22. A process according to claim 21 for the selective removal of nitrogen oxides from gases, where the temperature is around 400° C.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises 2-3.5% w/w of the catalytic active metal compound.
24. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the support is impregnated with the metal compound to achieve a final loading of 2-3.5% w/w of the metal compound after calcination.
25. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the support is impregnated with the HPA to achieve a final loading of 10-20% w/w of the support material after calcination.