System employing a direct digital synthesiser
A DDS based system, such as a radar, includes means for generating a plurality of transmission signals using a DDS, and means for integrating signals derived therefrom, such as received signals. The system further includes means for varying the relative starting phase of the plurality of transmission signals, or adjusting the DDS input clock while maintaining similar primary output frequency characteristics of the transmission signals. The approach has the effect of changing the location of unwanted frequency spurs in each of the transmission signals, and hence the effects of these are decreased in the integration process. An improvement in the sensitivity of the system results. Although primarily suited to radar applications the invention may find utility in other systems such as sonar or lidar systems.
1. A system employing a direct digital synthesiser (DDS), the system being adapted to use the DDS to provide a modulated signal for transmission, the modulated signal comprising at least a first followed temporally by one or more subsequent signals generated over an integration period, the first and subsequent signals having similar primary frequency characteristics, each signal having an associated starting phase, the system further incorporating an integrator for integrating signals derived from the first and subsequent modulated signals;
the derived signals being comprised of intermediate frequency (IF) signals produced by mixing each signal with a delayed version of itself;
wherein the DDS is provided with at least an input clock source, an input allowing control of the starting phase for each signal, and an input for controlling the DDS output frequency;
wherein the DDS is arranged to generate a primary output frequency characteristic, the characteristic being the same for both the first and subsequent signals over the integration period, wherein the DDS is arranged to have at least one of the input clock source frequency and the starting phase changed between production of the first signal and a subsequent signal.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the DDS is arranged to generate at least 4 different phases over an integration period.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the phases are chosen such that, during an integration period, a unit phasor makes a whole number of rotations around a unit circle.
4. A system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the phases are changed in a linear manner.
5. A system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the phases are changed in a pseudo-random manner.
6. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first and subsequent signals comprise linear frequency sweeps.
7. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the input clock source for the DDS is itself provided by a second DDS.
8. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least 4 signals are generated in a single integration period, wherein the number of signals is at least equal to the number of phases.
9. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mixing of each signal with a delayed version of itself occurs in a receiver, with the delay being produced by signal flight time from a transmit antenna, reflection from a target, and subsequent reception at the receiver.
10. A radar incorporating a system as claimed in claim 1 .
11. A radar as claimed in claim 10 wherein the radar is a frequency modulated continuous wave radar.
12. A method of processing signals in a radar system comprising the steps of:
a) using a direct digital synthesiser (DDS) to produce a first and a subsequent signal as primary outputs, the first and subsequent signals having similar primary output frequency characteristics;
b) transmitting the first and subsequent signals, or signals derived therefrom;
c) receiving a signal, comprising at least a reflection from one or more objects, of the transmitted signal;
d) mixing the received signal with a portion of the signal being transmitted to produce an intermediate frequency signal (IF);
e) coherently integrating IF signals produced from the first and subsequent signals;
wherein, in step a), the DDS is programmed to change a phase of the primary output between generation of the first and the subsequent signal.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein step e) is adapted to coherently integrate at least 4 signals, the total transmission time of the integrated signals defining an integration period.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein, during the integration period, the DDS changes the phase of its primary output n, or a sub-multiple of n times, where n is the number of signals within an integration period.
15. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein each signal comprises a linear frequency sweep.
16. A method of processing signals in a radar system comprising the steps of:
a) using a direct digital synthesiser (DDS) to produce a first and a subsequent signal as primary outputs, the first and subsequent signals having similar primary output frequency characteristics;
b) transmitting the first and subsequent signals, or signals derived therefrom;
c) receiving a signal, comprising at least a reflection from one or more objects, of the transmitted signal;
d) mixing the received signal with a portion of the signal being transmitted to produce an intermediate frequency signal (IF);
e) coherently integrating IF signals produced from the first and subsequent signals;
wherein, in step a), the DDS has a clock input provided by a programmable frequency device, and between the first and the subsequent signal, the programmable frequency device is arranged to change the clock frequency provided to the DDS by a predetermined amount, and wherein the DDS is programmed to compensate for its different frequency input such that that the subsequent signal has similar primary frequency characteristics.