Telemetric orthopaedic implant
The invention relates generally to orthopaedic implants, and more particularly to orthopaedic implants having data acquisition capabilities and their use in monitoring and diagnosing fracture healing. RSA is also disclosed as a method for measuring inter-fragmentary movement in long bone fractures in order to confirm whether the fracture is reduced and for detecting changes in stiffness of the healing callus.
1. A telemetric orthopaedic implant system, the system comprising:
(a) an orthopaedic implant, the orthopaedic implant having a longitudinal axis and comprising:
(i) a strain gauge orientated at about +45° or about −45° relative to the longitudinal axis of the implant;
(ii) a recess adapted to receive said strain gauge(s);
(iii) an electronic component electrically connected to at least a power supply, a first transmitter, a first receiver, and a first microprocessor;
(iv) a recess adapted to receive said electronic component;
(v) potting material to seal said recess(es);
(vi) a power source electrically connected to said electronic component; and;
(b) a control unit, the control unit comprising;
(vii) a second microprocessor,
(viii) a second transmitter electrically connected to said second microprocessor, the second transmitter adapted to send a signal to said first receiver of said electronic component; and
(ix) a second receiver electrically connected to said second microprocessor, the second receiver adapted to receive data from said transmitter of said electronic component.
2. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 1 , which comprises at least one further strain gauge orientated at about 0° or at about 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the implant.
3. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the strain gauges are located at about +45°, at least one of the strain gauges are orientated at about −45° and a strain gauge orientated at about 0°.
4. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the strain gauges are orientated at about +45° and at least one of the strain gauges are orientated at about 0°, or at least one of the strain gauges are orientated at about +45° and a strain gauge orientated at about 90°, or at least one of the strain gauges are orientated at about −45° and a strain gauge orientated at about 0°, or at least one of the strain gauges are orientated at about −45° and a strain gauge orientated at about 90°.
5. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 1 , wherein the recess for receiving the strain gauges and the electronic component is the same recess.
6. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 1 , wherein there is a single recess.
7. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 6 , wherein the single recess is located in the proximal portion of the telemetric orthopaedic implant.
8. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 1 , wherein said orthopaedic implant is an intramedullary nail.
9. A telemetric orthopaedic implant comprising; (i) a strain gauge orientated at about +45° or at about −45° relative to a longitudinal axis of the implant; (ii) a recess adapted to receive said strain gauge(s); (iii) an electronic component electrically connected to at least a power supply, a first transmitter, a first receiver, and a first microprocessor; (iv) a recess adapted to receive said electronic component; (v) potting material to seal said recess(es); (vi) a power source electrically connected to said electronic component.
10. The telemetric orthopaedic implant of claim 9 which comprises at least one further strain gauge orientated at about 0° or at about 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the implant.
11. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 9 , wherein the recess for receiving the strain gauges and the electronic component is the same recess.
12. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 9 , wherein there is a single recess.
13. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 12 , wherein the single recess is located in the proximal portion of the implant.
14. The telemetric orthopaedic implant system of claim 9 , wherein the telemetric orthopaedic implant is an intramedullary nail.
15. A method of monitoring fracture healing in a subject, said method comprising the steps of;
(i) positioning a subject having a telemetric orthopaedic implant in a position suitable for applying a desired torque;
(ii) applying the torque to the implant;
(iii) interrogating at least one strain gauge provided within the implant and being orientated at about +45° or at about −45° relative to the longitudinal axis;
(iv) correlating the strain with a reference fracture healing curve.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the mechanical load is off-set axial compression and the at least one strain gauge being interrogated is orientated at about 0° or at about 90 relative to the longitudinal axis.
17. A method of measuring inter-fragmentary movement within a bone fracture, wherein the bone fracture is fixed with a fracture fixation device, said method comprising;
(i) associating of a plurality of radio-opaque markers with the fractured bone or the fracture fixation device;
(ii) positioning a calibration cage comprising a plurality of radio-opaque markers at known locations in relation to the fracture site;
(iii) undertaking a radiographic examination of the fracture site, wherein the fracture site and the calibration cage are simultaneously x-rayed from at least two angles;
(iv) generating a three-dimensional co-ordinate system based upon the location of the radio-opaque markers in the calibration cage;
(v) comparing the three-dimensional location of the radio-opaque markers associated with the fractured bone or the fracture fixation device with the three-dimensional co-ordinate system.