Liquified petroleum gas fracturing system
A fracturing system for a well, in which a stream of LPG, a mixture of propane and butane, is injected into the well at frac pressure. Proppant is supplied into the LPG stream, and carried by the LPG mix into the formation. Inert gas such as nitrogen is used for purging system components of LPG, and to help protect against risk of explosion. Nitrogen may also be added to the LPG mix during a frac of shale gas or coal gas formations.
1. A method for fracturing a formation penetrated by a well, the method comprising the steps of:
prior to commencing a frac, purging system components with an inert gas and pressure testing all system components that are to be supplied with frac fluid;
supplying a stream of frac fluid comprising propane, butane, or a mixture of propane and butane, from a frac fluid source into a well;
pressurizing frac fluid in the well to create fractures in the formation;
purging system components with inert gas while the well is closed; and
releasing pressure from the well to allow frac fluid to vaporize and return to surface.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the system components comprise a proppant supply source, the method further comprising:
supplying proppant from the proppant supply source into the stream of frac fluid from the frac fluid source;
adding gellant to the stream of frac fluid; and
pumping the proppant-containing frac fluid stream into the well with a frac pressure pump.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising supplying a controlled amount of inert gas to the proppant supply source.
4. The method of claim 2 in which the proppant supply source comprises a pressure vessel.
5. The method of claim 4 in which proppant is metered into the frac fluid stream from the frac fluid source by an auger in cooperation with a valve.
6. The method of claim 2 in which the proppant supply source comprises a centrifugal pump.
7. The method of claim 2 in which the gellant has hydrocarbon chains commensurate in length with hydrocarbon chains of the frac fluid.
8. The method of claim 2 further comprising a liquid source connected to supply liquid into the proppant supply source for mixing with proppant prior to introduction of proppant into the stream of frac fluid.
9. The method of claim 8 in which the liquid source comprises a source of liquid hydrocarbons.
10. The method of claim 8 in which the proppant supply source comprises a pump for pumping liquid mixed with proppant into the stream of frac fluid.
11. The method of claim 8 in which the liquid source comprises a source of one or more of pentane, hexane, and heptane.
12. The method of claim 1 in which the frac fluid source comprises an insulated tank.
13. The method of claim 1 in which the frac fluid comprises nitrogen.
14. The method of claim 13 applied to fracturing a coal formation that contains gas.
15. The method of claim 13 applied to fracturing a shale formation that contains gas.
16. The method of claim 1 applied to fracturing a coal formation that contains gas.
17. The method of claim 1 applied to fracturing a shale formation that contains gas.
18. The method of claim 1 in which the frac fluid comprises propane, butane, or a mixture of propane and butane, in an amount of at least 80% by volume of the frac fluid.
19. The method of claim 1 in which the frac fluid comprises propane, butane, or a mixture of propane and butane, in an amount of at least 90% by volume of the frac fluid.
20. The method of claim 1 in which the frac fluid comprises propane, butane, or a mixture of propane and butane, in an amount of at least 95% by volume of the frac fluid.
21. The method of claim 1 in which frac fluids returned to surface are supplied to a sales line.
22. The method of claim 1 further comprising supplying pentane into the frac fluid.
23. The method of claim 22 which the stream of frac fluid comprises butane.
24. The method of claim 22 in which pentane is supplied into the stream of frac fluid.
25. The method of claim 1 further comprising supplying an inert gas into the stream of frac fluid and into the well along with the frac fluid.
26. The method of claim 25 in which the inert gas is supplied into the stream of frac fluid after the frac pressure pump.
27. The method of claim 25 applied to fracturing a coal formation that contains gas or a shale formation that contains gas.
28. The method of claim 25 in which the inert gas supplied into the well comprises nitrogen.
29. A method for fracturing a formation penetrated by a well, the method comprising the steps of:
prior to commencing a frac, using an inert gas to both purge and pressure test all surface system components that are to be supplied with frac fluid;
supplying a stream of frac fluid comprising propane, butane, or a mixture of propane and butane, from a frac fluid source into a well;
pressurizing frac fluid in the well to create fractures in the formation;
purging propane and butane from all surface system components that were supplied with frac fluid by using inert gas for the purging; and
releasing pressure from the well to allow frac fluid to vaporize and return to surface.
30. The method of claim 29 in which the surface system components comprise a proppant supply source, the method further comprising:
supplying proppant from the proppant supply source into the stream of frac fluid from the frac fluid source;
adding gellant to the stream of frac fluid;
pumping the proppant-containing frac fluid stream into the well with a frac pressure pump; and
supplying a controlled amount of inert gas to the proppant supply source.
31. The method of claim 29 further comprising supplying pentane into the frac fluid.
32. The method of claim 30 further comprising a liquid source connected to supply liquid into the proppant supply source for mixing with proppant prior to introduction of proppant into the stream of frac fluid.
33. The method of claim 29 further comprising supplying an inert gas into the stream of frac fluid and into the well along with the frac fluid.