System for estimating a gas concentration in a mixed atmosphere
A system for estimating gas concentrations in a mixed atmosphere includes (a) a plurality of sensors for providing a set of measurements, at least one of the sensors sensitive to an internal concentration of hydrogen; and (b) a processor for receiving the set of measurements and for executing a sequential estimation filter that includes a plurality of states having a corresponding set of values. The processor responsively adjusts at least a portion of the set of values in response to the set of measurements. The plurality of sensors can include a resistive sensor and a capacitive gas sensor, both of which are sensitive to hydrogen concentration. The plurality of states can include states representative of hydrogen pressure in the mixed atmosphere, hydrogen concentration in a bulk material of at least one of the sensors, and hydrogen concentration in an interface layer of at least one of the sensors.
1. A system for estimating gas concentrations in a mixed atmosphere, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors, wherein each of the plurality of sensors is configured to provide data representative of a presence of a first gas and a second gas in the mixed atmosphere, and wherein the data from each of the plurality of sensors forms a set of measurements;
a processor configured to:
receive said set of measurements;
execute a sequential estimation filter comprising a plurality of states, said plurality of states having a corresponding set of values; and
adjust at least a portion of said set of values in response to said set of measurements; and
wherein:
at least one of said set of values represents a concentration of the first gas in the mixed atmosphere; and
at least one of said set of values represents a concentration of the second gas in the mixed atmosphere.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of sensors comprises a resistive sensor and a capacitive sensor.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of states comprises states representative of a hydrogen pressure in the mixed atmosphere, a concentration of hydrogen in a bulk material of at least one of said sensors, and a concentration of hydrogen in an interface layer of at least one of said sensors.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein said plurality of states further comprises states representative of a concentration of oxygen on a surface of one of said sensors, and an oxygen pressure in the mixed atmosphere.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of sensors further comprises a temperature sensor.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said set of values is initialized.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein said sequential estimation filter comprises a Kalman filter.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first gas comprises Hydrogen.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the second gas comprises Oxygen.
10. A method for estimating gas concentrations in a mixed atmosphere, the method comprising:
receiving at a first time, a first set of measurements from a plurality of sensors, wherein each of said first set of measurements includes information corresponding to a presence of a first gas and a second gas in the mixed atmosphere;
processing said first of said set of measurements in a sequential estimation filter to adjust a set of state values;
receiving at a second time a second set of measurements from said plurality of sensors, wherein each of said second set of measurements includes information corresponding to a presence of said first gas and said second gas in the mixed atmosphere;
processing said second of said set of measurements in said sequential estimation filter to further adjust said set of state values; and
wherein:
at least one of said set of values represents a concentration of the first gas in the mixed atmosphere; and
at least one of said set of values represents a concentration of the second gas in the mixed atmosphere.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said plurality of sensors comprises a resistive sensor and a capacitive sensor.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said set of state values comprises values representative of a hydrogen pressure in the mixed atmosphere, a concentration of hydrogen in a bulk material of at least one of said sensors, and a concentration of hydrogen in an interface layer of at least one of said sensors.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said set of state values further comprises values representative of a concentration of oxygen on a surface of at least one of said sensors, and an oxygen pressure in the mixed atmosphere.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein said plurality of sensors further comprises a temperature sensor.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least a portion of said state values comprises initial state values.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein said sequential estimation filter comprises a Kalman filter.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein said set of state values comprises at least five state values.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said at least five state values comprise values representative of a hydrogen pressure in the mixed atmosphere, a concentration of hydrogen in a bulk material of at least one of said sensors, and a concentration of hydrogen in an interface layer of at least one of said sensors, a concentration of oxygen on a surface of at least one of said sensors, and an oxygen pressure in the mixed atmosphere.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first gas comprises Hydrogen.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the second gas comprises Oxygen.