Self-expansible stent with radiopaque markers and method of making such a stent
Pushing a self-expanding stent from one of its ends, during release of the stent at a stenting site in a bodily lumen, by proximal withdrawal of a surrounding sheath, can impose unacceptably high stresses on parts of the strut network of the stent. For location of stents in a bodily lumen, it is customary to equip the end annulus of a stent with radiopaque markers. The present invention involves arranging the markers so that they share with non-marker portions of the end annulus the stresses imposed in the stent by the end pushing, whereby the high stresses are shared more equally by all the struts of the stent in the end annulus.
1. A radially self-expansible stent having a thickness in the radial direction and an axial length (L) between end annuli adapted for delivery by a co-axial catheter delivery system, a part of which delivery system, during release of the stent, pushes on one end of the stent while withdrawing a sheath from around the abluminal surface of the stent, whereupon the stent expands from a radially compressed into a radially expanded state, the end annulus to be pushed having a circumference, with a plurality of spaced inflection zones being distributed in the circumference, at least one inflection zone carrying radiopaque markers, wherein
the markers are shaped and located on the at least one inflection zone such that a compressive stress exerted on the end annulus during release of the stent is shared between the markers and the inflection zones that do not carry a marker,
the markers are attached to the inflection zones in a fastening position by a weld,
and
the markers and the inflection zones exhibit respective facing surfaces that face each other across the welding zone, said facing surfaces including a mechanical form fit that inhibits relative circumferential sliding movement and allows relative movement of the marker and the inflection zone into the fastening position devoid of movement with a component in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent.
2. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein the stent comprises a plurality of rings arranged along its axial length, the rings being interconnected between ring ends and having a plurality of inflection zones distributed in the circumference of the ring ends, each of said ring ends comprising more inflection zones than the end annulus of the stent.
3. The stent according to claim 2 , wherein the inflection zones of the end annulus of the stent that do not carry a marker have a larger axial length parallel to the long axis of the stent than the inflection zones distributed in the circumference of the ring ends.
4. The stent according to claim 2 , wherein the inflection zones of the end annulus of the stent that do not carry a marker have a smaller circumferential extension than the inflection zones distributed in the circumference of the ring ends.
5. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein the inflection zones that carry a marker are a different shape from the inflection zones that do not carry a marker.
6. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein the inflection zones that carry a marker are a different size from the inflection zones that do not carry a marker.
7. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein each inflection zone is present as a stem with an axial length parallel to the long axis of the stent, wherein the inflection zone stems that carry a marker have a smaller length than the inflection zone stems that do not carry a marker.
8. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein the markers and the inflection zones have the same thickness.
9. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein each marker subtends a larger arc of the circumference of the end annulus than each inflection zone that does not carry a marker.
10. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein the stent is made from a nickel titanium shape memory alloy.
11. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein the radiopaque markers are made from tantalum, gold, or a ternary alloy made from nickel, titanium and a third, radiopaque metal.
12. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein, in the radially compressed state of the stent, the markers do not extend axially beyond the inflection zones which do not carry a marker.
13. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein, in the radially compressed state of the stent, during release of the stent from the delivery system, the markers and the inflection zones which do not carry a marker are both exposed on the end annulus of the stent to receive directly a pushing force from the pushing part of the delivery system.
14. The stent according to claim 1 , wherein, in the radially compressed state of the stent, portions of the periphery of the markers rest on the neighbouring inflection zones such that the compressive stress exerted by the delivery system on the markers during release of the stent is delivered to the neighbouring inflection zones by the markers.
15. The stent according to claim 14 , wherein the markers stand axially proud of the inflection zones that do not carry a marker.
16. The stent according to claim 1 , including a welded zone that extends across the full width of each inflection zone that carries a radiopaque marker and lies between the inflection zone and the marker.
17. A stent delivery system carrying a stent according to claim 1 , including a stent pusher that abuts both the markers and the inflection zones which do not carry a marker at one end of the stent.