Implantable medical device voltage divider circuit for mitigating electromagnetic interference
An RF protection circuit mitigates potentially adverse effects that may otherwise result from electromagnetic interference (e.g., due to MRI scanning of a patient having an implanted medical device). The RF protection circuit may comprise a voltage divider that is deployed across a pair of cardiac electrodes that are coupled to internal circuitry of the implantable medical device. Each leg of the voltage divider may be referenced to a ground of the internal circuit, whereby the different legs are deployed in parallel across different circuits of the internal circuitry. In this way, when an EMI-induced (e.g., MRI-induced) signal appears across the cardiac electrodes, the voltages appearing across these circuits and the currents flowing through these circuits may be reduced. The RF protection circuit may be used in an implantable medical device that employs a relatively low capacitance feedthrough to reduce EMI-induced (e.g., MRI-induced) current flow in a cardiac lead.
1. An implantable medical apparatus, comprising:
a cardiac signal processing circuit comprising a ground circuit;
a first electrode circuit coupled to the cardiac signal processing circuit;
a second electrode circuit coupled to the cardiac signal processing circuit;
a feedthrough capacitor coupled between the first electrode circuit and the second electrode circuit; and
a voltage divider circuit coupled between the first electrode circuit and the second electrode circuit, wherein a center tap of the voltage divider circuit is coupled to the ground circuit.
2. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first diode coupled between the first electrode circuit and the ground circuit; and
a second diode coupled between the second electrode circuit and the ground circuit.
3. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the voltage divider circuit comprises a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
the first capacitor is coupled between the first electrode circuit and the center tap; and
the second capacitor is coupled between the second electrode circuit and the center tap.
4. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:
the first capacitor has a capacitance of five nanofarads or less; and
the second capacitor has a capacitance of five nanofarads or less.
5. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cardiac signal processing circuit comprises a cardiac pacing circuit.
6. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the cardiac signal processing circuit further comprises a cardiac sensing circuit.
7. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cardiac signal processing circuit comprises a cardiac sensing circuit.
8. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cardiac signal processing circuit comprises:
a first circuit coupled between the first electrode circuit and the ground circuit; and
a second circuit coupled between the second electrode circuit and the ground circuit.
9. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 8 , wherein:
the first circuit comprises a discharge switch of a pacing pulse generator circuit; and
the second circuit comprises a return switch of the pacing pulse generator circuit.
10. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the feedthrough capacitor has a capacitance of less than two nanofarads.
11. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode circuit comprises a first implantable cardiac lead.
12. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the second electrode circuit comprises a conductive biocompatible housing.
13. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the second electrode circuit comprises a second implantable cardiac lead.
14. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the voltage divider circuit comprises a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
the first capacitor is coupled between the first electrode circuit and the ground circuit;
the second capacitor is coupled between the second electrode circuit and the ground circuit;
the cardiac signal processing circuit comprises a cardiac pacing circuit; and
the feedthrough capacitor has a capacitance of less than two nanofarads.
15. The implantable medical apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the cardiac signal processing circuit further comprises a cardiac sensing circuit.